Chapter 21. Formal Grammars

21.1. EBNF Grammar of Lojban

Lojban Machine Grammar, EBNF Version, Final Baseline

This EBNF document is explicitly dedicated to the public domain by its author, The Logical Language Group, Inc. Contact that organization at: 2904 Beau Lane, Fairfax VA 22031 USA 703-385-0273 (intl: +1 703 385 0273)

Explanation of notation: All rules have the form:

name _number= bnf-expression

which means that the grammatical construct “name” is defined by “bnf-expression”. The number cross-references this grammar with the rule numbers in the YACC grammar. The names are the same as those in the YACC grammar, except that subrules are labeled with A, B, C, ... in the YACC grammar and with 1, 2, 3, ... in this grammar. In addition, rule 971 is “simple_tag” in the YACC grammar but “stag” in this grammar, because of its frequent appearance.

Names in lower case are grammatical constructs.
Names in UPPER CASE are selma'o (lexeme) names, and are terminals.
Concatenation is expressed by juxtaposition with no operator symbol.
| represents alternation (choice).
[] represents an optional element.
& represents and/or (“A & B” is the same as “A | B | A B”).
... represents optional repetition of the construct to the left. Left-grouping is implied; right-grouping is shown by explicit self-referential recursion with no “...”
() serves to indicate the grouping of the other operators. Otherwise, “...” binds closer than &, which binds closer than |.
# is shorthand for “[free ...]”, a construct which appears in many places.
// encloses an elidable terminator, which may be omitted (without change of meaning) if no grammatical ambiguity results.

text ₀=: [NAI ...] [CMENE ... # | (indicators & free ...)] [joik-jek] text-1
text-1 ₂=: [(I [jek | joik] [[stag] BO] #) ... | NIhO ... #] [paragraphs]
paragraphs ₄=: paragraph [NIhO ... # paragraphs]
paragraph ₁₀=: (statement | fragment) [I # [statement | fragment]] ...
statement ₁₁=: statement-1 | prenex statement
statement-1 ₁₂=: statement-2 [I joik-jek [statement-2]] ...
statement-2 ₁₃=: statement-3 [I [jek | joik] [stag] BO # [statement-2]]
statement-3 ₁₄=: sentence | [tag] TUhE # text-1 /TUhU#/
fragment ₂₀=: ek # | gihek # | quantifier | NA # | terms /VAU#/ | prenex | relative-clauses | links | linkargs
prenex ₃₀=: terms ZOhU #
sentence ₄₀=: [terms [CU #]] bridi-tail
subsentence ₄₁=: sentence | prenex subsentence
bridi-tail ₅₀=: bridi-tail-1 [gihek [stag] KE # bridi-tail /KEhE#/ tail-terms]
bridi-tail-1 ₅₁=: bridi-tail-2 [gihek # bridi-tail-2 tail-terms] ...
bridi-tail-2 ₅₂=: bridi-tail-3 [gihek [stag] BO # bridi-tail-2 tail-terms]
bridi-tail-3 ₅₃=: selbri tail-terms | gek-sentence
gek-sentence ₅₄=: gek subsentence gik subsentence tail-terms | [tag] KE # gek-sentence /KEhE#/ | NA # gek-sentence
tail-terms ₇₁=: [terms] /VAU#/
terms ₈₀=: terms-1 ...
terms-1 ₈₁=: terms-2 [PEhE # joik-jek terms-2] ...
terms-2 ₈₂=: term [CEhE # term] ...
term ₈₃=: sumti | (tag | FA #) (sumti | /KU#/) | termset | NA KU #
termset ₈₅=: NUhI # gek terms /NUhU#/ gik terms /NUhU#/ | NUhI # terms /NUhU#/
sumti ₉₀=: sumti-1 [VUhO # relative-clauses]
sumti-1 ₉₁=: sumti-2 [(ek | joik) [stag] KE # sumti /KEhE#/]
sumti-2 ₉₂=: sumti-3 [joik-ek sumti-3] ...
sumti-3 ₉₃=: sumti-4 [(ek | joik) [stag] BO # sumti-3]
sumti-4 ₉₄=: sumti-5 | gek sumti gik sumti-4
sumti-5 ₉₅=: [quantifier] sumti-6 [relative-clauses] | quantifier selbri /KU#/ [relative-clauses]
sumti-6 ₉₇=: (LAhE # | NAhE BO #) [relative-clauses] sumti /LUhU#/ | KOhA # | lerfu-string /BOI#/ | LA # [relative-clauses] CMENE ... # | (LA | LE) # sumti-tail /KU#/ | LI # mex /LOhO#/ | ZO any-word # | LU text /LIhU#/ | LOhU any-word ... LEhU # | ZOI any-word anything any-word #
sumti-tail ₁₁₁=: [sumti-6 [relative-clauses]] sumti-tail-1 | relative-clauses sumti-tail-1
sumti-tail-1 ₁₁₂=: [quantifier] selbri [relative-clauses] | quantifier sumti
relative-clauses ₁₂₁=: relative-clause [ZIhE # relative-clause] ...
relative-clause ₁₂₂=: GOI # term /GEhU#/ | NOI # subsentence /KUhO#/
selbri ₁₃₀=: [tag] selbri-1
selbri-1 ₁₃₁=: selbri-2 | NA # selbri
selbri-2 ₁₃₂=: selbri-3 [CO # selbri-2]
selbri-3 ₁₃₃=: selbri-4 ...
selbri-4 ₁₃₄=: selbri-5 [joik-jek selbri-5 | joik [stag] KE # selbri-3 /KEhE#/] ...
selbri-5 ₁₃₅=: selbri-6 [(jek | joik) [stag] BO # selbri-5]
selbri-6 ₁₃₆=: tanru-unit [BO # selbri-6] | [NAhE #] guhek selbri gik selbri-6
tanru-unit ₁₅₀=: tanru-unit-1 [CEI # tanru-unit-1] ...
tanru-unit-1 ₁₅₁=: tanru-unit-2 [linkargs]
tanru-unit-2 ₁₅₂=: BRIVLA # | GOhA [RAhO] # | KE # selbri-3 /KEhE#/ | ME # sumti /MEhU#/ [MOI #] | (number | lerfu-string) MOI # | NUhA # mex-operator | SE # tanru-unit-2 | JAI # [tag] tanru-unit-2 | any-word (ZEI any-word) ... | NAhE # tanru-unit-2 | NU [NAI] # [joik-jek NU [NAI] #] ... subsentence /KEI#/
linkargs ₁₆₀=: BE # term [links] /BEhO#/
links ₁₆₁=: BEI # term [links]
quantifier ₃₀₀=: number /BOI#/ | VEI # mex /VEhO#/
mex ₃₁₀=: mex-1 [operator mex-1] ... | FUhA # rp-expression
mex-1 ₃₁₁=: mex-2 [BIhE # operator mex-1]
mex-2 ₃₁₂=: operand | [PEhO #] operator mex-2 ... /KUhE#/
rp-expression ₃₃₀=: rp-operand rp-operand operator
rp-operand ₃₃₂=: operand | rp-expression
operator ₃₇₀=: operator-1 [joik-jek operator-1 | joik [stag] KE # operator /KEhE#/] ...
operator-1 ₃₇₁=: operator-2 | guhek operator-1 gik operator-2 | operator-2 (jek | joik) [stag] BO # operator-1
operator-2 ₃₇₂=: mex-operator | KE # operator /KEhE#/
mex-operator ₃₇₄=: SE # mex-operator | NAhE # mex-operator | MAhO # mex /TEhU#/ | NAhU # selbri /TEhU#/ | VUhU #
operand ₃₈₁=: operand-1 [(ek | joik) [stag] KE # operand /KEhE#/]
operand-1 ₃₈₂=: operand-2 [joik-ek operand-2] ...
operand-2 ₃₈₃=: operand-3 [(ek | joik) [stag] BO # operand-2]
operand-3 ₃₈₅=: quantifier | lerfu-string /BOI#/ | NIhE # selbri /TEhU#/ | MOhE # sumti /TEhU#/ | JOhI # mex-2 ... /TEhU#/ | gek operand gik operand-3 | (LAhE # | NAhE BO #) operand /LUhU#/
number ₈₁₂=: PA [PA | lerfu-word] ...
lerfu-string ₈₁₇=: lerfu-word [PA | lerfu-word] ...
lerfu-word ₉₈₇=: BY | any-word BU | LAU lerfu-word | TEI lerfu-string FOI
ek ₈₀₂=: [NA] [SE] A [NAI]
gihek ₈₁₈=: [NA] [SE] GIhA [NAI]
jek ₈₀₅=: [NA] [SE] JA [NAI]
joik ₈₀₆=: [SE] JOI [NAI] | interval | GAhO interval GAhO
interval ₉₃₂=: [SE] BIhI [NAI]
joik-ek ₄₂₁=: joik # | ek #
joik-jek ₄₂₂=: joik # | jek #
gek ₈₀₇=: [SE] GA [NAI] # | joik GI # | stag gik
guhek ₈₀₈=: [SE] GUhA [NAI] #
gik ₈₁₆=: GI [NAI] #
tag ₄₉₁=: tense-modal [joik-jek tense-modal] ...
stag ₉₇₁=: simple-tense-modal [(jek | joik) simple-tense-modal] ...
tense-modal ₈₁₅=: simple-tense-modal # | FIhO # selbri /FEhU#/
simple-tense-modal ₉₇₂=: [NAhE] [SE] BAI [NAI] [KI] | [NAhE] (time [space] | space [time]) & CAhA [KI] | KI | CUhE
time ₁₀₃₀=: ZI & time-offset ... & ZEhA [PU [NAI]] & interval-property ...
time-offset ₁₀₃₃=: PU [NAI] [ZI]
space ₁₀₄₀=: VA & space-offset ... & space-interval & (MOhI space-offset)
space-offset ₁₀₄₅=: FAhA [NAI] [VA]
space-interval ₁₀₄₆=: ((VEhA & VIhA) [FAhA [NAI]]) & space-int-props
space-int-props ₁₀₄₉=: (FEhE interval-property) ...
interval-property ₁₀₅₁=: number ROI [NAI] | TAhE [NAI] | ZAhO [NAI]
free ₃₂=: SEI # [terms [CU #]] selbri /SEhU/ | SOI # sumti [sumti] /SEhU/ | vocative [relative-clauses] selbri [relative-clauses] /DOhU/ | vocative [relative-clauses] CMENE ... # [relative-clauses] /DOhU/ | vocative [sumti] /DOhU/ | (number | lerfu-string) MAI | TO text /TOI/ | XI # (number | lerfu-string) /BOI/ | XI # VEI # mex /VEhO/
vocative ₄₁₅=: (COI [NAI]) ... & DOI
indicators ₄₁₁=: [FUhE] indicator ...
indicator ₄₁₃=: (UI | CAI) [NAI] | Y | DAhO | FUhO

The following rules are non-formal:

word ₁₁₀₀=: [BAhE] any-word [indicators]
any-word =: “any single word (no compound cmavo)”
anything =: “any text at all, whether Lojban or not”
null ₁₁₀₁=: any-word SI | utterance SA | text SU

FAhO is a universal terminator and signals the end of parsable input.

21.2. EBNF Cross-Reference

A: BNF rule #802 ₈₀₂
BAI: BNF rule #972 ₉₇₂
BAhE: BNF rule #1100 ₁₁₀₀
BE: BNF rule #160 ₁₆₀
BEI: BNF rule #161 ₁₆₁
BEhO: BNF rule #160 ₁₆₀
BIhE: BNF rule #311 ₃₁₁
BIhI: BNF rule #932 ₉₃₂
BO: BNF rule #52₅₂, BNF rule #383₃₈₃, BNF rule #385₃₈₅, BNF rule #371₃₇₁, BNF rule #135₁₃₅, BNF rule #136₁₃₆, BNF rule #13₁₃, BNF rule #93₉₃, BNF rule #97₉₇, BNF rule #2₂
BOI: BNF rule #32₃₂, BNF rule #385₃₈₅, BNF rule #300₃₀₀, BNF rule #97₉₇
BRIVLA: BNF rule #152 ₁₅₂
BU: BNF rule #987 ₉₈₇
BY: BNF rule #987 ₉₈₇
CAI: BNF rule #413 ₄₁₃
CAhA: BNF rule #972 ₉₇₂
CEI: BNF rule #150 ₁₅₀
CEhE: BNF rule #82 ₈₂
CMENE: BNF rule #32₃₂, BNF rule #97₉₇, BNF rule #0₀
CO: BNF rule #132 ₁₃₂
COI: BNF rule #415 ₄₁₅
CU: BNF rule #32₃₂, BNF rule #40₄₀
CUhE: BNF rule #972 ₉₇₂
DAhO: BNF rule #413 ₄₁₃
DOI: BNF rule #415 ₄₁₅
DOhU: BNF rule #32 ₃₂
FA: BNF rule #83 ₈₃
FAhA: BNF rule #1046₁₀₄₆, BNF rule #1045₁₀₄₅
FEhE: BNF rule #1049 ₁₀₄₉
FEhU: BNF rule #815 ₈₁₅
FIhO: BNF rule #815 ₈₁₅
FOI: BNF rule #987 ₉₈₇
FUhA: BNF rule #310 ₃₁₀
FUhE: BNF rule #411 ₄₁₁
FUhO: BNF rule #413 ₄₁₃
GA: BNF rule #807 ₈₀₇
GAhO: BNF rule #806 ₈₀₆
GEhU: BNF rule #122 ₁₂₂
GI: BNF rule #807₈₀₇, BNF rule #816₈₁₆
GIhA: BNF rule #818 ₈₁₈
GOI: BNF rule #122 ₁₂₂
GOhA: BNF rule #152 ₁₅₂
GUhA: BNF rule #808 ₈₀₈
I: BNF rule #10₁₀, BNF rule #12₁₂, BNF rule #13₁₃, BNF rule #2₂
JA: BNF rule #805 ₈₀₅
JAI: BNF rule #152 ₁₅₂
JOI: BNF rule #806 ₈₀₆
JOhI: BNF rule #385 ₃₈₅
KE: BNF rule #50₅₀, BNF rule #54₅₄, BNF rule #381₃₈₁, BNF rule #372₃₇₂, BNF rule #370₃₇₀, BNF rule #134₁₃₄, BNF rule #91₉₁, BNF rule #152₁₅₂
KEI: BNF rule #152 ₁₅₂
KEhE: BNF rule #50₅₀, BNF rule #54₅₄, BNF rule #381₃₈₁, BNF rule #372₃₇₂, BNF rule #370₃₇₀, BNF rule #134₁₃₄, BNF rule #91₉₁, BNF rule #152₁₅₂
KI: BNF rule #972 ₉₇₂
KOhA: BNF rule #97 ₉₇
KU: BNF rule #95₉₅, BNF rule #97₉₇, BNF rule #83₈₃
KUhE: BNF rule #312 ₃₁₂
KUhO: BNF rule #122 ₁₂₂
LA: BNF rule #97 ₉₇
LAU: BNF rule #987 ₉₈₇
LAhE: BNF rule #385₃₈₅, BNF rule #97₉₇
LE: BNF rule #97 ₉₇
LEhU: BNF rule #97 ₉₇
LI: BNF rule #97 ₉₇
LIhU: BNF rule #97 ₉₇
LOhO: BNF rule #97 ₉₇
LOhU: BNF rule #97 ₉₇
LU: BNF rule #97 ₉₇
LUhU: BNF rule #385₃₈₅, BNF rule #97₉₇
MAI: BNF rule #32 ₃₂
MAhO: BNF rule #374 ₃₇₄
ME: BNF rule #152 ₁₅₂
MEhU: BNF rule #152 ₁₅₂
MOI: BNF rule #152 ₁₅₂
MOhE: BNF rule #385 ₃₈₅
MOhI: BNF rule #1040 ₁₀₄₀
NA: BNF rule #802₈₀₂, BNF rule #20₂₀, BNF rule #54₅₄, BNF rule #818₈₁₈, BNF rule #805₈₀₅, BNF rule #131₁₃₁, BNF rule #83₈₃
NAI: BNF rule #802₈₀₂, BNF rule #807₈₀₇, BNF rule #818₈₁₈, BNF rule #816₈₁₆, BNF rule #808₈₀₈, BNF rule #413₄₁₃, BNF rule #1051₁₀₅₁, BNF rule #932₉₃₂, BNF rule #805₈₀₅, BNF rule #806₈₀₆, BNF rule #972₉₇₂, BNF rule #1046₁₀₄₆, BNF rule #1045₁₀₄₅, BNF rule #152₁₅₂, BNF rule #0₀, BNF rule #1033₁₀₃₃, BNF rule #1030₁₀₃₀, BNF rule #415₄₁₅
NAhE: BNF rule #374₃₇₄, BNF rule #385₃₈₅, BNF rule #136₁₃₆, BNF rule #972₉₇₂, BNF rule #97₉₇, BNF rule #152₁₅₂
NAhU: BNF rule #374 ₃₇₄
NIhE: BNF rule #385 ₃₈₅
NIhO: BNF rule #4₄, BNF rule #2₂
NOI: BNF rule #122 ₁₂₂
NU: BNF rule #152 ₁₅₂
NUhA: BNF rule #152 ₁₅₂
NUhI: BNF rule #85 ₈₅
NUhU: BNF rule #85 ₈₅
PA: BNF rule #817₈₁₇, BNF rule #812₈₁₂
PEhE: BNF rule #81 ₈₁
PEhO: BNF rule #312 ₃₁₂
PU: BNF rule #1033₁₀₃₃, BNF rule #1030₁₀₃₀
RAhO: BNF rule #152 ₁₅₂
ROI: BNF rule #1051 ₁₀₅₁
SA: BNF rule #1101 ₁₁₀₁
SE: BNF rule #802₈₀₂, BNF rule #807₈₀₇, BNF rule #818₈₁₈, BNF rule #808₈₀₈, BNF rule #932₉₃₂, BNF rule #805₈₀₅, BNF rule #806₈₀₆, BNF rule #374₃₇₄, BNF rule #972₉₇₂, BNF rule #152₁₅₂
SEI: BNF rule #32 ₃₂
SEhU: BNF rule #32 ₃₂
SI: BNF rule #1101 ₁₁₀₁
SOI: BNF rule #32 ₃₂
SU: BNF rule #1101 ₁₁₀₁
TAhE: BNF rule #1051 ₁₀₅₁
TEI: BNF rule #987 ₉₈₇
TEhU: BNF rule #374₃₇₄, BNF rule #385₃₈₅
TO: BNF rule #32 ₃₂
TOI: BNF rule #32 ₃₂
TUhE: BNF rule #14 ₁₄
TUhU: BNF rule #14 ₁₄
UI: BNF rule #413 ₄₁₃
VA: BNF rule #1045₁₀₄₅, BNF rule #1040₁₀₄₀
VAU: BNF rule #20₂₀, BNF rule #71₇₁
VEI: BNF rule #32₃₂, BNF rule #300₃₀₀
VEhA: BNF rule #1046 ₁₀₄₆
VEhO: BNF rule #32₃₂, BNF rule #300₃₀₀
VIhA: BNF rule #1046 ₁₀₄₆
VUhO: BNF rule #90 ₉₀
VUhU: BNF rule #374 ₃₇₄
XI: BNF rule #32 ₃₂
Y: BNF rule #413 ₄₁₃
ZAhO: BNF rule #1051 ₁₀₅₁
ZEI: BNF rule #152 ₁₅₂
ZEhA: BNF rule #1030 ₁₀₃₀
ZI: BNF rule #1033₁₀₃₃, BNF rule #1030₁₀₃₀
ZIhE: BNF rule #121 ₁₂₁
ZO: BNF rule #97 ₉₇
ZOI: BNF rule #97 ₉₇
ZOhU: BNF rule #30 ₃₀
any-word: BNF rule #987₉₈₇, BNF rule #1101₁₁₀₁, BNF rule #97₉₇, BNF rule #152₁₅₂, BNF rule #1100₁₁₀₀
anything: BNF rule #97 ₉₇
bridi-tail: BNF rule #50₅₀, BNF rule #40₄₀
bridi-tail-1: BNF rule #50 ₅₀
bridi-tail-2: BNF rule #51₅₁, BNF rule #52₅₂
bridi-tail-3: BNF rule #52 ₅₂
ek: BNF rule #20₂₀, BNF rule #421₄₂₁, BNF rule #383₃₈₃, BNF rule #381₃₈₁, BNF rule #91₉₁, BNF rule #93₉₃
fragment: BNF rule #10 ₁₀
free: BNF rule #0 ₀
gek: BNF rule #54₅₄, BNF rule #385₃₈₅, BNF rule #94₉₄, BNF rule #85₈₅
gek-sentence: BNF rule #53₅₃, BNF rule #54₅₄
gihek: BNF rule #51₅₁, BNF rule #52₅₂, BNF rule #50₅₀, BNF rule #20₂₀
gik: BNF rule #54₅₄, BNF rule #807₈₀₇, BNF rule #385₃₈₅, BNF rule #371₃₇₁, BNF rule #136₁₃₆, BNF rule #94₉₄, BNF rule #85₈₅
guhek: BNF rule #371₃₇₁, BNF rule #136₁₃₆
indicator: BNF rule #411 ₄₁₁
indicators: BNF rule #0₀, BNF rule #1100₁₁₀₀
interval: BNF rule #806 ₈₀₆
interval-property: BNF rule #1049₁₀₄₉, BNF rule #1030₁₀₃₀
jek: BNF rule #422₄₂₂, BNF rule #371₃₇₁, BNF rule #135₁₃₅, BNF rule #971₉₇₁, BNF rule #13₁₃, BNF rule #2₂
joik: BNF rule #807₈₀₇, BNF rule #421₄₂₁, BNF rule #422₄₂₂, BNF rule #383₃₈₃, BNF rule #381₃₈₁, BNF rule #371₃₇₁, BNF rule #370₃₇₀, BNF rule #134₁₃₄, BNF rule #135₁₃₅, BNF rule #971₉₇₁, BNF rule #13₁₃, BNF rule #91₉₁, BNF rule #93₉₃, BNF rule #2₂
joik-ek: BNF rule #382₃₈₂, BNF rule #92₉₂
joik-jek: BNF rule #370₃₇₀, BNF rule #134₁₃₄, BNF rule #12₁₂, BNF rule #491₄₉₁, BNF rule #152₁₅₂, BNF rule #81₈₁, BNF rule #0₀
lerfu-string: BNF rule #32₃₂, BNF rule #987₉₈₇, BNF rule #385₃₈₅, BNF rule #97₉₇, BNF rule #152₁₅₂
lerfu-word: BNF rule #817₈₁₇, BNF rule #987₉₈₇, BNF rule #812₈₁₂
linkargs: BNF rule #20₂₀, BNF rule #151₁₅₁
links: BNF rule #20₂₀, BNF rule #160₁₆₀, BNF rule #161₁₆₁
mex: BNF rule #32₃₂, BNF rule #374₃₇₄, BNF rule #300₃₀₀, BNF rule #97₉₇
mex-1: BNF rule #311₃₁₁, BNF rule #310₃₁₀
mex-2: BNF rule #311₃₁₁, BNF rule #312₃₁₂, BNF rule #385₃₈₅
mex-operator: BNF rule #374₃₇₄, BNF rule #372₃₇₂, BNF rule #152₁₅₂
number: BNF rule #32₃₂, BNF rule #1051₁₀₅₁, BNF rule #300₃₀₀, BNF rule #152₁₅₂
operand: BNF rule #312₃₁₂, BNF rule #385₃₈₅, BNF rule #381₃₈₁, BNF rule #332₃₃₂
operand-1: BNF rule #381 ₃₈₁
operand-2: BNF rule #382₃₈₂, BNF rule #383₃₈₃
operand-3: BNF rule #383₃₈₃, BNF rule #385₃₈₅
operator: BNF rule #311₃₁₁, BNF rule #312₃₁₂, BNF rule #310₃₁₀, BNF rule #372₃₇₂, BNF rule #370₃₇₀, BNF rule #330₃₃₀
operator-1: BNF rule #371₃₇₁, BNF rule #370₃₇₀
operator-2: BNF rule #371 ₃₇₁
paragraph: BNF rule #4 ₄
paragraphs: BNF rule #4₄, BNF rule #2₂
prenex: BNF rule #20₂₀, BNF rule #11₁₁, BNF rule #41₄₁
quantifier: BNF rule #20₂₀, BNF rule #385₃₈₅, BNF rule #95₉₅, BNF rule #112₁₁₂
relative-clause: BNF rule #121 ₁₂₁
relative-clauses: BNF rule #20₂₀, BNF rule #32₃₂, BNF rule #95₉₅, BNF rule #97₉₇, BNF rule #112₁₁₂, BNF rule #111₁₁₁, BNF rule #90₉₀
rp-expression: BNF rule #310₃₁₀, BNF rule #332₃₃₂
rp-operand: BNF rule #330 ₃₃₀
selbri: BNF rule #53₅₃, BNF rule #32₃₂, BNF rule #374₃₇₄, BNF rule #385₃₈₅, BNF rule #131₁₃₁, BNF rule #136₁₃₆, BNF rule #95₉₅, BNF rule #112₁₁₂, BNF rule #815₈₁₅
selbri-1: BNF rule #130 ₁₃₀
selbri-2: BNF rule #131₁₃₁, BNF rule #132₁₃₂
selbri-3: BNF rule #132₁₃₂, BNF rule #134₁₃₄, BNF rule #152₁₅₂
selbri-4: BNF rule #133 ₁₃₃
selbri-5: BNF rule #134₁₃₄, BNF rule #135₁₃₅
selbri-6: BNF rule #135₁₃₅, BNF rule #136₁₃₆
sentence: BNF rule #14₁₄, BNF rule #41₄₁
simple-tense-modal: BNF rule #971₉₇₁, BNF rule #815₈₁₅
space: BNF rule #972 ₉₇₂
space-int-props: BNF rule #1046 ₁₀₄₆
space-interval: BNF rule #1040 ₁₀₄₀
space-offset: BNF rule #1040 ₁₀₄₀
stag: BNF rule #52₅₂, BNF rule #50₅₀, BNF rule #807₈₀₇, BNF rule #383₃₈₃, BNF rule #381₃₈₁, BNF rule #371₃₇₁, BNF rule #370₃₇₀, BNF rule #134₁₃₄, BNF rule #135₁₃₅, BNF rule #13₁₃, BNF rule #91₉₁, BNF rule #93₉₃, BNF rule #2₂
statement: BNF rule #10₁₀, BNF rule #11₁₁
statement-1: BNF rule #11 ₁₁
statement-2: BNF rule #12₁₂, BNF rule #13₁₃
statement-3: BNF rule #13 ₁₃
subsentence: BNF rule #54₅₄, BNF rule #122₁₂₂, BNF rule #41₄₁, BNF rule #152₁₅₂
sumti: BNF rule #32₃₂, BNF rule #385₃₈₅, BNF rule #91₉₁, BNF rule #94₉₄, BNF rule #97₉₇, BNF rule #112₁₁₂, BNF rule #152₁₅₂, BNF rule #83₈₃
sumti-1: BNF rule #90 ₉₀
sumti-2: BNF rule #91 ₉₁
sumti-3: BNF rule #92₉₂, BNF rule #93₉₃
sumti-4: BNF rule #93₉₃, BNF rule #94₉₄
sumti-5: BNF rule #94 ₉₄
sumti-6: BNF rule #95₉₅, BNF rule #111₁₁₁
sumti-tail: BNF rule #97 ₉₇
sumti-tail-1: BNF rule #111 ₁₁₁
tag: BNF rule #54₅₄, BNF rule #130₁₃₀, BNF rule #14₁₄, BNF rule #152₁₅₂, BNF rule #83₈₃
tail-terms: BNF rule #51₅₁, BNF rule #52₅₂, BNF rule #53₅₃, BNF rule #50₅₀, BNF rule #54₅₄
tanru-unit: BNF rule #136 ₁₃₆
tanru-unit-1: BNF rule #150 ₁₅₀
tanru-unit-2: BNF rule #151₁₅₁, BNF rule #152₁₅₂
tense-modal: BNF rule #491 ₄₉₁
term: BNF rule #160₁₆₀, BNF rule #161₁₆₁, BNF rule #122₁₂₂, BNF rule #82₈₂
terms: BNF rule #20₂₀, BNF rule #32₃₂, BNF rule #30₃₀, BNF rule #40₄₀, BNF rule #71₇₁, BNF rule #85₈₅
terms-1: BNF rule #80 ₈₀
terms-2: BNF rule #81 ₈₁
termset: BNF rule #83 ₈₃
text: BNF rule #32₃₂, BNF rule #1101₁₁₀₁, BNF rule #97₉₇
text-1: BNF rule #14₁₄, BNF rule #0₀
time: BNF rule #972 ₉₇₂
time-offset: BNF rule #1030 ₁₀₃₀
utterance: BNF rule #1101 ₁₁₀₁
vocative: BNF rule #32 ₃₂