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Indefinite pro-sumti and pro-bridi: the zo'e-series and the co'e-series |
Brevity Is The Soul Of Language: Pro-sumti And Pro-bridi
The Lojban Reference Grammar |
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sumti and bridi questions: ``ma'' and ``mo'' |
The following cmavo are discussed in this section:
vo'a KOhA vo'a-series x1 of this bridi
vo'e KOhA vo'a-series x2 of this bridi
vo'i KOhA vo'a-series x3 of this bridi
vo'o KOhA vo'a-series x4 of this bridi
vo'u KOhA vo'a-series x5 of this bridi
soi SOI reciprocity
se'u SEhU soi terminator
The cmavo of the vo'a-series are pro-sumti anaphora, like those
of the ri-series, but have a specific function. These cmavo
refer to the other places of the same bridi; the five of them
represent up to five places. The same vo'a-series cmavo mean
different things in different bridi. Some examples:
8.1) mi lumci vo'a
I wash myself
8.2) mi klama le zarci vo'e
I go to the store from itself
[by some route unspecified].
To refer to places of neighboring bridi, constructions like
``le se go'i ku'' do the job: this refers to the 2nd place of
the previous main bridi, as explained in Section
6.
The cmavo of the vo'a-series are also used with ``soi'' (of selma'o SOI) to precisely express reciprocity, which in English is imprecisely expressed with a discursive phrase like ``vice versa'':
8.3) mi prami do
soi vo'a vo'e
I love you
[reciprocity] [x1 of this bridi]
[x2 of this bridi].
I love you and vice versa (swapping ``I'' and ``you'').
The significance of ``soi vo'a vo'e'' is that the bridi is
still true even if the x1 (specified by ``vo'a'') and the x2
(specified by ``vo'e'') places are interchanged. If only a
single sumti follows ``soi'', then the sumti immediately
preceding ``soi'' is understood to be one of those involved:
8.4) mi prami do soi vo'a
I love you [reciprocity] [x1 of this bridi].
again involves the x1 and x2 places.
Of course, other places can be involved, and other sumti may be used in place of vo'a-series cmavo, provided those other sumti can be reasonably understood as referring to the same things mentioned in the bridi proper. Here are several examples that mean the same thing:
8.5) mi bajra ti ta soi vo'e
mi bajra ti ta soi vo'e vo'i
soi vo'e vo'i mi bajra ti ta
I run to this from that and vice versa
(to that from this).
The elidable terminator for ``soi'' is ``se'u'' (selma'o SEhU),
which is normally needed only if there is just one sumti after
the ``soi'', and the ``soi'' construction is not at the end of
the bridi. Constructions using ``soi'' are free modifiers, and
as such can go almost anywhere. Here is an example where
``se'u'' is required:
8.6) mi bajykla ti
soi vo'i se'u ta
I runningly-go to-this
[reciprocity] [x3 of this bridi] from-that
I run to this from that and vice versa.
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Previous
Indefinite pro-sumti and pro-bridi: the zo'e-series and the co'e-series |
Brevity Is The Soul Of Language: Pro-sumti And Pro-bridi
The Lojban Reference Grammar |
Next
sumti and bridi questions: ``ma'' and ``mo'' |