| .a | sumti or | logical connective: sumti afterthought or |
| .abu | a | letteral for a |
| .a'o | hope | attitudinal: hope – despair |
| .a'u | interest | attitudinal: interest – disinterest – repulsion |
| .au | desire | attitudinal: desire – indifference – reluctance |
| .e | sumti and | logical connective: sumti afterthought and |
| .ebu | e | letteral for e |
| .e'e | competence | attitudinal: competence – incompetence/inability |
| .ei | obligation | attitudinal: obligation – freedom |
| .enai | sumti but not | logical connective: sumti afterthought x but not y |
| .e'o | request | attitudinal: request – negative request |
| .e'u | suggestion | attitudinal: suggestion – abandon suggest – warning |
| .i ja | sentence or | logical connective: sentence afterthought or |
| .i je | sentence and | logical connective: sentence afterthought and |
| .i je'i | sentence conn? | logical connective: sentence afterthought connective question |
| .i jenai | sentence but not | logical connective: sentence afterthought x but not y |
| .i jo | sentence iff | logical connective: sentence afterthought biconditional/iff/if-and-only-if |
| .i jonai | sentence xor | logical connective: sentence afterthought exclusive or |
| .i ju | sentence whether | logical connective: sentence afterthought whether-or-not |
| .i naja | sentence only if | logical connective: sentence afterthought conditional/only if |
| .i | sentence link | sentence link/continuation; continuing sentences on same topic |
| .ia | belief | attitudinal: belief – skepticism – disbelief |
| .ibu | i | letteral for i |
| .i'e | approval | attitudinal: approval – non-approval – disapproval |
| .ie | agreement | attitudinal: agreement – disagreement |
| .ii | fear | attitudinal: fear – security |
| .iu | love | attitudinal: love – no love lost – hatred |
| .o | sumti iff | logical connective: sumti afterthought biconditional/iff/if-and-only-if |
| .obu | o | letteral for o |
| .oi | complaint | attitudinal: complaint – pleasure |
| .onai | sumti xor | logical connective: sumti afterthought exclusive or |
| .o'o | patience | attitudinal: patience – mere tolerance – anger |
| .o'u | relaxation | attitudinal: relaxation – composure – stress |
| .u | sumti whether | logical connective: sumti afterthought whether-or-not |
| .ua | discovery | attitudinal: discovery – confusion/searching |
| .ubu | u | letteral for u |
| .u'e | wonder | attitudinal: wonder – commonplace |
| .ue | surprise | attitudinal: surprise – not really surprised – expectation |
| .u'i | amusement | attitudinal: amusement – weariness |
| .ui | happiness | attitudinal: happiness – unhappiness |
| .u'u | repentance | attitudinal: repentance – lack of regret – innocence |
| .uu | pity | attitudinal: pity – cruelty |
| .y | hesitation | 'er' (hesitation) |
| .ybu | y | letteral for y |
| .y'y | ' | letteral for ' |
| .y'ybu | h | letteral for h |
| ba | after | time tense relation/direction: will [selbri]; after [sumti]; default future tense |
| badri | sad | x1 is sad/depressed/dejected/[unhappy/feels sorrow/grief] about x2 (abstraction) |
| ba'e | emphasize next | forethought emphasis indicator; indicates next word is especially emphasized |
| bai | compelled by | bapli modal, 1st place (forced by) forcedly; compelled by force ... |
| bajra | run | x1 runs on surface x2 using limbs x3 with gait x4 |
| bakfu | bundle | x1 is a bundle/package/cluster/clump/pack [shape/form] containing x2, held together by x3 |
| bakni | bovine | x1 is a cow/cattle/kine/ox/[bull/steer/calf] [beef-producer/bovine] of species/breed x2 |
| bangrn�esperanto | Esperanto | x1 is the language Esperanto used by x2 to express/communicate x3 (si'o/du'u, not quote) |
| bangu | language | x1 is a/the language/dialect used by x2 to express/communicate x3 (si'o/du'u, not quote) |
| banli | great | x1 is great/grand in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 |
| banxa | bank | x1 is a bank owned by/in banking system x2 for banking function(s) x3 (event) |
| ba'o | perfective | interval event contour: in the aftermath of ...; since ...; perfective |
| bapli | force | x1 [force] (ka) forces/compels event x2 to occur; x1 determines property x2 to manifest |
| barda | big | x1 is big/large in property/dimension(s) x2 as compared with standard/norm x3 |
| barja | bar | x1 is a tavern/bar/pub serving x2 to audience/patrons x3 |
| bartu | out | x1 is on the outside of x2; x1 is exterior to x2 |
| batci | bite | x1 bites/pinches x2 on/at specific locus x3 with x4 |
| ba'u | exaggeration | exaggeration – accuracy – understatement |
| bau | in language | bangu modal, 1st place in language ... |
| be | link sumti | sumti link to attach sumti (default x2) to a selbri; used in descriptions |
| bebna | foolish | x1 is foolish/silly in event/action/property [folly] (ka) x2; x1 is a boob |
| be'e | request to send | vocative: request to send/speak |
| bei | link more sumti | separates multiple linked sumti within a selbri; used in descriptions |
| benji | transfer | x1 transfers/sends/transmits x2 to receiver x3 from transmitter/origin x4 via means/medium x5 |
| be'o | end linked sumti | elidable terminator: end linked sumti in specified description |
| berti | north | x1 is to the north/northern side [right-hand-rule pole] of x2 according to frame of reference x3 |
| bevri | carry | x1 carries/hauls/bears/transports cargo x2 to x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a carrier/[porter] |
| bi | 8 | digit/number: 8 |
| bi'i | unordered interval | non-logical interval connective: unordered between ... and ... |
| bilga | obliged | x1 is bound/obliged to/has the duty to do/be x2 in/by standard/agreement x3; x1 must do x2 |
| bilma | ill | x1 is ill/sick/diseased with symptoms x2 from disease x3 |
| binxo | become | x1 becomes/changes/converts/transforms into x2 under conditions x3 |
| bi'o | ordered interval | non-logical interval connective: ordered from ... to ... |
| birje | beer | x1 is made of/contains/is a amount of beer/ale/brew brewed from x2 |
| birka | arm | x1 is a/the arm [body-part] of x2 |
| birti | certain | x1 is certain/sure/positive/convinced that x2 is true |
| blabi | white | x1 is white / very light-coloured |
| bo | short scope link | short scope joiner; joins various constructs with shortest scope and right grouping |
| boi | end number or lerfu | elidable terminator: terminate numeral or letteral string |
| botpi | bottle | x1 is a bottle/jar/urn/flask/closable container for x2, made of material x3 with lid x4 |
| bredi | ready | x1 is ready/prepared for x2 (event) |
| bridi | predicate | x1 (text) is a predicate relationship with relation x2 among arguments (sequence/set) |
| briju | office | x1 is an office/bureau/work-place of worker x2 at location x3 |
| bruna | brother | x1 is brother of/fraternal to x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necess. biological] |
| budjo | Buddhist | x1 pertains to the Buddhist culture/religion/ethos in aspect x2 |
| burna | embarassed | x1 is embarrassed/disconcerted/flustered/ill-at-ease about/under conditions x2 (abstraction) |
| bu'u | coincident with | location tense relation/direction; coincident with/at the same place as; space equivalent of ca |
| by | b | letteral for b |
| ca | during | time tense relation/direction: is [selbri]; during/simultaneous with [sumti]; present tense |
| cabdei | today | x1 is today (cabna 'now' + djedi 'day') |
| cacra | hour | x1 is x2 hours in duration (default is 1 hour) by standard x3 |
| cadzu | walk | x1 walks/strides/paces on surface x2 using limbs x3 |
| cai | intense emotion | attitudinal: strong intensity attitude modifier |
| ca'o | continuative | interval event contour: during ...; continuative) |
| carna | turn | x1 turns/rotates/revolves around axis x2 in direction x3 |
| carvi | rain | x1 rains/showers/[precipitates] to x2 from x3; x1 is precipitation [not limited to 'rain'] |
| casnu | discuss | x1(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discuss(es)/talk(s) about topic/subject x2 |
| catke | shove | x1 [agent] shoves/pushes x2 at locus x3 |
| catlu | look | x1 looks at/examines/views/inspects/regards/watches/gazes at x2 [compare with zgani] |
| catra | kill | x1 (agent) kills/slaughters/murders x2 by action/method x3 |
| ce | in a set with | non-logical connective: set link, unordered; 'and also', but forming a set |
| ce'o | in a sequence with | non-logical connective: ordered sequence link; 'and then', forming a sequence |
| certu | expert | x1 is an expert/pro/has prowess in/is skilled at x2 (event/activity) by standard x3 |
| ce'u | lambda | pseudo-quantifier binding a variable within an abstraction that represents an open place |
| cevni | god | x1 is a/the god/deity of people(s)/religion x2 with dominion over x3 [sphere]; x1 is divine |
| cfari | initiate | x1 [state/event/process] commences/initiates/starts/begins to occur; (intransitive verb) |
| cfipu | confusing | x1 (event/state) confuses/baffles x2 [observer] due to [confusing] property x3 (ka) |
| ci | 3 | digit/number: 3 |
| cidja | food | x1 is food/feed/nutriment for x2; x1 is edible/gives nutrition to x2 |
| cidjrkari | curry | x1 is a quantity of curry |
| cidjrkebabi | kebab | x1 is a kebab |
| cidro | hydrogen | x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of hydrogen (H) |
| cifnu | infant | x1 is an infant/baby [helpless through youth/incomplete development] of species x2 |
| cilre | learn | x1 learns x2 (du'u) about subject x3 from source x4 (obj./event) by method x5 (event/process) |
| cinba | kiss | x1 (agent) kisses/busses x2 at locus x3 |
| cinmo | emotion | x1 feels emotion x2 (ka) about x3 |
| cinri | interesting | x1 (abstraction) interests/is interesting to x2; x2 is interested in x1 |
| cinse | sexual | x1 in activity/state x2 exhibits sexuality/gender/sexual orientation x3 (ka) by standard x4 |
| cinta | paint | x1 [material] is a paint of pigment/active substance x2, in a base of x3 |
| cinynei | fancy | x1 fancies x2 (cinse 'sex' + nelci 'like') |
| cipni | bird | x1 is a bird/avian/fowl of species x2 |
| cipra | test | x1 (process/event) is a test for/proof of property/state x2 in subject x3 (individ./set/mass) |
| cirla | cheese | x1 is a quantity of/contains cheese/curd from source x2 |
| ciska | write | x1 inscribes/writes x2 on display/storage medium x3 with writing implement x4; x1 is a scribe |
| cisma | smile | x1 smiles/grins (facial expression) |
| cismyfra | smile at | x1 reacts/responds/answers by smiling to stimulus x2 under conditions x3 [cisma (smile) + frati (react)] |
| citka | eat | x1 eats/ingests/consumes (transitive verb) x2 |
| citsi | season | x1 is a season/is seasonal [cyclical interval], defined by interval/property x2, of year(s) x3 |
| cizra | strange | x1 is strange/weird/deviant/bizarre/odd to x2 in property x3 (ka) |
| ckafi | coffee | x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of coffee from source/bean/grain x2 |
| ckasu | ridicule | x1 ridicules/mocks/scoffs at x2 about x3 (property/event) by doing activity x4 (event) |
| ckire | grateful | x1 is grateful/thankful to/appreciative of x2 for x3 (event/property) |
| ckule | school | x1 is school/institute/academy at x2 teaching subject(s) x3 to audien./commun. x4 operated by x5 |
| clani | long | x1 is long in dimension/direction x2 (default longest dimension) by measurement standard x3 |
| cladu | loud | x1 is loud/noisy at observation point x2 by standard x3 |
| clira | early | x1 (event) is early by standard x2 |
| clite | polite | x1 is polite/courteous/civil in matter x2 according to standard/custom x3 |
| cliva | leave | x1 leaves x2 via route x3 |
| cmaci | mathematics | x1 is a mathematics of type/describing x2 |
| cmalu | small | x1 is small in property/dimension(s) x2 (ka) as compared with standard/norm x3 |
| cmavo | structure word | x1 is a structure word of grammatical class x2, with meaning/function x3 in usage (language) x4 |
| cmene | name | x1 (quoted word(s)) is a/the name/title/tag of x2 to/used-by namer/name-user x3 (person) |
| cmila | laugh | x1 laughs |
| cmima | member | x1 is a member/element of set x2; x1 belongs to group x2; x1 is amid/among/amongst group x2 |
| cmoni | moan | x1 utters moan/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property) |
| cnino | new | x1 is new/unfamiliar/novel to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4; x1 is a novelty |
| cnita | beneath | x1 is directly/vertically beneath/below/under/underneath/down from x2 in frame of reference x3 |
| co'a | initiative | interval event contour: at the starting point of ...; initiative |
| co'e | unspecified selbri | elliptical/unspecified bridi relationship |
| coi | greetings | vocative: greetings/hello |
| co'o | partings | vocative: partings/good-bye |
| co'u | cessative | interval event contour: at the ending point of ... even if not done; cessative |
| cpedu | request | x1 requests/asks/petitions/solicits for x2 of/from x3 in manner/form x4 |
| cpina | pungent | x1 is pungent/piquant/peppery/spicy/irritating to sense x2 |
| cradi | radio | x1 broadcasts/transmits [using radio waves] x2 via station/frequency x3 to [radio] receiver x4 |
| crane | front | x1 is anterior/ahead/forward/(in/on) the front of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 |
| cremau | more expert | x1 is more expert/pro/has prowess than x2 in/is more skilled at x3 by standard x4, by amount/excess x5 (certu 'expert' + zmadu 'more') |
| cribe | bear | x1 is a bear/ursoid of species/breed x2 |
| crida | fairy | x1 is a fairy/elf/gnome/brownie/pixie/goblin/kobold [mythical humanoid] of mythos/religion x2 |
| crino | green | x1 is green |
| crisa | summer | x1 is summer/summertime [hot season] of year x2 at location x3 |
| critu | autumn | x1 is autumn/fall [harvest/cooling season] of year x2 at location x3 |
| ctebi | lip | x1 is a/the lip [body-part]/rim of orifice x2 of body x3; (adjective:) x1 is labial |
| ctuca | teach | x1 teaches audience x2 ideas/methods/lore x3 (du'u) about subject(s) x4 by method x5 (event) |
| cu | selbri separator | elidable marker: separates selbri from preceding sumti, allows preceding terminator elision |
| cu'i | neutral emotion | attitudinal: neutral scalar attitude modifier |
| cukta | book | x1 is a book about subject/theme/story x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5 |
| culno | full | x1 is full/completely filled with x2 |
| cupra | produce | x1 produces x2 [product] by process x3 |
| curmi | let | x1 (agent) lets/permits/allows x2 (event) under conditions x3; x1 grants privilege x2 |
| cusku | express | x1 expresses/says x2 for audience x3 via expressive medium x4 |
| cu'u | as said by | cusku modal, 1st place (attribution/quotation) as said by source ...; used for quotation |
| cy | c | letteral for c |
| da | something #1 | logically quantified existential pro-sumti: there exists something #1 (usually restricted) |
| dable'a | conquer | x1 conquers/siezes x2 from x3 ('war-take') |
| da'i | supposing | discursive: supposing – in fact |
| dai | empathy | attitudinal modifier: marks empathetic use of preceding attitudinal; shows another's feelings |
| danfu | answer | x1 is the answer/response/solution/[reply] to question/problem x2 |
| dansu | dance | x1 (individual, mass) dances to accompaniment/music/rhythm x2 |
| dansydi'u | disco | x1 is a disco (dansu 'dance' + dinju 'building') |
| dapma | curse | x1 curses/damns/condemns x2 to fate (event) x3 |
| daptutra | hell | x1 is the territory of damnation by x2 (dapma 'curse' + tutra 'territory') |
| darxi | hit | x1 hits/strikes/[beats] x2 with instrument [or body-part] x3 at locus x4 |
| dasni | wear | x1 wears/is robed/garbed in x2 as a garment of type x3 |
| dau | 10 | digit/number: hex digit A |
| de | something #2 | logically quantified existential pro-sumti: there exists something #2 (usually restricted) |
| de'i | dated | detri modal, 1st place (for letters) dated ... ; attaches date stamp |
| denpa | wait | x1 awaits/waits/pauses for/until x2 at state x3 before starting/continuing x4 (activity/process) |
| detri | date | x1 is the date [day,{week},{month},year] of event/state x2, at location x3, by calendar x4 |
| di | something #3 | logically quantified existential pro-sumti: there exists something #3 (usually restricted) |
| dicra | interrupt | x1 (event) interrupts/stops/halts/[disrupts] x2 (object/event/process) due to quality x3 |
| dikca | electric | x1 is electricity [electric charge or current] in/on x2 of polarity/quantity x3 (def. negative) |
| dilnu | cloud | x1 is a cloud/mass of clouds of material x2 in air mass x3 at floor/base elevation x4 |
| dinske | economics | x1 is economics based on methodology x2 (jdini 'money' + saske 'science') |
| dirba | dear | x1 is dear/precious/darling to x2; x1 is emotionally valued by x2 |
| djacu | water | x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity/expanse of water; (adjective:) x1 is aqueous/[aquatic] |
| djedi | full day | x1 is x2 full days in duration (default is 1 day) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is diurnal |
| djica | want | x1 desires/wants/wishes x2 (event/state) for purpose x3 |
| djuno | know | x1 knows fact(s) x2 (du'u) about subject x3 by epistemology x4 |
| do | you | pro-sumti: you listener(s); identified by vocative |
| doi | vocative marker | generic vocative marker; identifies intended listener; elidable after COI |
| dotco | German | x1 reflects German/Germanic culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 |
| draci | drama | x1 is a drama/play about x2 [plot/theme/subject] by dramatist x3 for audience x4 with actors x5 |
| drani | correct | x1 is correct/proper/right/perfect in property/aspect x2 (ka) in situation x3 by standard x4 |
| drata | other | x1 isn't the-same-thing-as/is different-from/other-than x2 by standard x3; x1 is something else |
| du | same identity as | identity selbri; = sign; x1 identically equals x2, x3, etc.; attached sumti refer to same thing |
| du'e | too many | digit/number: too many |
| dukse | excess | x1 is an excess of/too much of x2 by standard x3 |
| dunda | give | x1 [donor] gives/donates gift/present x2 to recipient/beneficiary x3 [without payment/exchange] |
| dunku | anguish | x1 is anguished/distressed/emotionally wrought/stressed by x2 |
| dunli | equal | x1 is equal/congruent to/as much as x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3 |
| dunra | winter | x1 is winter/wintertime [cold season] of year x2 at location |
| du'u | bridi abstract | abstractor: predication/bridi abstractor; x1 is predication [bridi] expressed in sentence x2 |
| dy | d | letteral for d |
| dzena | elder | x1 is an elder/ancestor of x2 by bond/tie/degree x3; x1's generation precedes x2's parents |
| fa | 1st sumti place | sumti place tag: tag 1st sumti place |
| fa'a | towards point | location tense relation/direction; arriving at/directly towards ... |
| facki | discover | x1 discovers/finds out x2 (du'u) about subject/object x3; x1 finds (fi) x3 (object) |
| fagri | fire | x1 is a fire/flame in fuel x2 burning-in/reacting-with oxidizer x3 (default air/oxygen) |
| fai | extra sumti place | sumti place tag: tag a sumti moved out of numbered place structure; used in modal conversions |
| falcru | drop | x1 allows x2 to fall/drop to x3 in gravity well/frame of reference x4 |
| fange | alien | x1 is alien/foreign/[exotic]/unfamiliar to x2 in property x3 (ka) |
| fanva | translate | x1 translates x2 to language x3 from language x4 with translation-result x5 |
| fanza | annoy | x1 (event) annoys/irritates/bothers/distracts x2 |
| farlu | fall | x1 falls/drops to x2 from x3 in gravity well/frame of reference x4 |
| farna | direction | x1 is the direction of x2 (object/event) from origin/in frame of reference x3 |
| fasnu | event | x1 (event) is an event that happens/occurs/takes place; x1 is an incident/happening/occurrence |
| fatci | fact | x1 (du'u) is a fact/reality/truth/actuality, in the absolute |
| fa'u | and respectively | non-logical connective: respectively; unmixed ordered distributed association |
| fau | in the event of | fasnu modal, 1st place (non-causal) in the event of ... |
| fe | 2nd sumti place | sumti place tag: tag 2nd sumti place |
| fei | 11 | digit/number: hex digit B |
| fekpre | crazy | x1 is an insane, crazy person (fenki 'crazy' + prenu 'person') |
| fengu | angry | x1 is angry/mad at x2 for x3 (action/state/property) |
| fenki | crazy | x1 (action/event) is crazy/insane/mad/frantic/in a frenzy (one sense) by standard x2 |
| fe'o | over and out | vocative: over and out (end discussion) |
| fi | 3rd sumti place | sumti place tag: tag 3rd sumti place |
| fi'e | created by | finti modal, 1st place (creator) created by ... |
| fi'i | hospitality | vocative: hospitality – inhospitality; you are welcome/ make yourself at home |
| finpe | fish | x1 is a fish of species x2 [metaphorical extension to sharks, non-fish aquatic vertebrates] |
| finti | invent | x1 invents/creates/composes/authors x2 for function/purpose x3 from existing elements/ideas x4 |
| fi'u | fraction slash | digit/number: fraction slash; default "/n" ⇒ 1/n, "n/" ⇒ n/1, or "/" alone ⇒ golden ratio |
| fo | 4th sumti place | sumti place tag: tag 4th sumti place |
| fo'a | it #6 | pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #6 (specified by goi) |
| fo'e | it #7 | pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #7 (specified by goi) |
| fo'i | it #8 | pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #8 (specified by goi) |
| fonxa | telephone | x1 is a telephone transceiver/modem attached to system/network x2 |
| fo'o | it #9 | pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #9 (specified by goi) |
| fo'u | it #10 | pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #10 (specified by goi) |
| fraso | French | x1 reflects French/Gallic culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 |
| frati | react | x1 reacts/responds/answers with action x2 to stimulus x3 under conditions x4; x1 is responsive |
| frumu | frown | x1 frowns/grimaces (facial expression) |
| fu | 5th sumti place | sumti place tag: tag 5th sumti place |
| fusra | rotten | x1 rots/decays/ferments with decay/fermentation agent x2; x1 is rotten/decayed/fermented |
| fy | f | letteral for f |
| ga | fore or | logical connective: forethought all but tanru-internal or |
| gacri | cover | x1 is a cover/[lid/top] for covering/concealing/sheltering x2 |
| gai | 12 | digit/number: hex digit C |
| gairgau | cover | x1 [person/agent] places x2 as a cover/[lid/top] on x3 (gacri 'cover' + gasnu 'do') |
| galfi | modify | x1 (event) modifies/alters/changes/transforms/converts x2 into x3 |
| ganai | fore only if | logical connective: forethought all but tanru-internal conditional/only if |
| ganlo | closed | x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is closed/shut/not open, preventing passage/access to x2 by x3 |
| gasnu | do | x1 [person/agent] is an agentive cause of event x2; x1 does/brings about x2 |
| ge | fore and | logical connective: forethought all but tanru-internal and |
| ge'i | fore conn? | logical connective: forethought all but tanru-internal connective question |
| gerku | dog | x1 is a dog/canine/[bitch] of species/breed x2 |
| gerna | grammar | x1 is the grammar/rules/defining form of language x2 for structure/text x3 |
| gi | connective medial | logical connective: all but tanru-internal forethought connective medial marker |
| gi'a | bridi or | logical connective: bridi-tail afterthought or |
| gi'e | bridi and | logical connective: bridi-tail afterthought and |
| gi'enai | bridi but not | logical connective: bridi-tail afterthought x but not y |
| gi'i | bridi conn? | logical connective: bridi-tail afterthought connective question |
| gi'o | bridi iff | logical connective: bridi-tail afterthought biconditional/iff/if-and-only-if |
| gi'onai | bridi xor | logical connective: bridi-tail afterthought exclusive or |
| gismu | root word | x1 is a (Lojban) root word expressing relation x2 among argument roles x3, with affix(es) |
| gi'u | bridi whether | logical connective: bridi-tail afterthought whether-or-not |
| glare | hot | x1 is hot/[warm] by standard x2 |
| gleki | happy | x1 is happy/gay/merry/glad/gleeful about x2 (event/state) |
| gletu | copulate | x1 copulates/mates/has coitus/sexual intercourse with x2 |
| glico | English | x1 is English/pertains to English-speaking culture in aspect x2 |
| go | fore iff | logical connective: forethought all but tanru-internal biconditional/iff/if-and-only-if |
| go'i | last bridi | pro-bridi: preceding bridi; in answer to a yes/no question, repeats the claim, meaning yes |
| goi | pro-sumti assign | sumti assignment; used to define/assign ko'a/fo'a series pro-sumti |
| gonai | fore xor | logical connective: forethought all but tanru-internal exclusive or |
| grana | rod | x1 is a rod/pole/staff/stick/cane [shape/form] of material x2 |
| gu | fore whether | logical connective: forethought all but tanru-internal whether-or-not |
| gu'a | fore or | logical connective: forethought all but tanru-internal or |
| gu'anai | fore only if | logical connective: forethought all but tanru-internal conditional/only if |
| gubni | public | x1 is public/un-hidden/open/jointly available to/owned by all among community x2 (mass) |
| gu'e | fore and | logical connective: forethought all but tanru-internal and |
| gugde | country | x1 is the country of peoples x2 with land/territory x3; (people/territory relationship) |
| gu'i | fore conn? | logical connective: forethought all but tanru-internal connective question |
| gunjubme | desk | x1 is a desk of worker x2 (gunka 'work' + jubme 'table') |
| gunka | work | x1 [person] labors/works on/at x2 [activity] with goal/objective x3 |
| gunro | roll | x1 rolls/trundles on/against surface x2 rotating on axis/axle x3; x1 is a roller |
| gunta | attack | x1 (person/mass) attacks/invades/commits aggression upon victim x2 with goal/objective x3 |
| guntrusi'o | Communism | x1 is a notion of communism (gunka 'work' + turni 'govern' + sidbo 'idea') |
| gu'o | fore iff | logical connective: forethought all but tanru-internal biconditional/iff/if-and-only-if |
| gu'onai | fore xor | logical connective: forethought all but tanru-internal exclusive or |
| gusni | illumine | x1 [energy] is light/illumination illuminating x2 from light source x3 |
| gusta | restaurant | x1 is a restaurant/cafe/diner serving type-of-food x2 to audience x3 |
| gu'u | fore whether | logical connective: forethought all but tanru-internal whether-or-not |
| gy | g | letteral for g |
| ja | tanru or | logical connective: tanru-internal or |
| jai | modal conversion | convert tense/modal (tagged) place to 1st place; 1st place moves to extra FA place (fai) |
| jalge | result | x1 (action/event/state) is a result/outcome/conclusion of antecedent x2 (event/state/process) |
| jamfu | foot | x1 is a/the foot [body-part] of x2 |
| jamna | war | x1 (person/mass) wars against x2 over territory/matter x3; x1 is at war with x2 |
| janco | shoulder | x1 is a/the shoulder/hip/joint [body-part] attaching limb/extremity x2 to body x3 |
| jarbu | suburb | x1 is a suburban area of city/metropolis x2 |
| jarco | show | x1 (agent) shows/exhibits/displays/[reveals]/demonstrates x2 (property) to audience x3 |
| jatna | captain | x1 is captain/commander/leader/in-charge/boss of vehicle/domain x2 |
| jau | 13 | digit/number: hex digit D |
| jbena | born | x1 is born to x2 at time x3 [birthday] and place x4 [birthplace]; x1 is native to (fo) |
| jbonunsalci | Logfest | x1 is an event of celebrating/recognizing/honoring Lojban with activity/[party] x2 |
| jdima | price | x1 [amount] is the price of x2 to purchaser/consumer x3 set by vendor x4 |
| jdini | money | x1 is money/currency issued by x2; (adjective:) x1 is financial/monetary/pecuniary/fiscal |
| je | tanru and | logical connective: tanru-internal and |
| jecta | polity | x1 is a polity/state governing territory/domain x2; [government/territory relationship] |
| jecyga'ibai | revolutionary | x1 revolts against/deposes regime x2 (jecta 'polity' + galfi 'modify' + bapli 'force') |
| je'e | roger | vocative: roger (ack) – negative acknowledge; used to acknowledge offers and thanks |
| je'i | tanru conn? | logical connective: tanru-internal connective question |
| jelca | burn | x1 burns/[ignites/is flammable/inflammable] at temperature x2 in atmosphere x3 |
| jemna | gem | x1 is a gem/polished stone/pearl of type x2 from gemstone/material/source x3 |
| jenai | tanru but not | logical connective: tanru-internal x but not y |
| jgari | grasp | x1 grasps/holds/clutches/seizes/grips/[hugs] x2 with x3 (part of x1) at locus x4 (part of x2) |
| jgira | pride | x1 (person) feels/has pride in/about x2 (abstraction) |
| jgita | guitar | x1 is a guitar/violin/fiddle/harp [stringed musical instrument] with actuator/plectrum/bow x2 |
| jgitrgitara | guitar | x1 is a guitar |
| jgitrviolino | violin | x1 is a violin |
| ji | sumti conn? | logical connective: sumti afterthought connective question |
| ji'a | in addition | discursive: additionally |
| jikca | socialize | x1 interacts/behaves socially with x2; x1 socializes with/is sociable towards x2 |
| jimpe | understand | x1 understands/comprehends fact/truth x2 (du'u) about subject x3; x1 understands (fi) x3 |
| jinvi | opine | x1 thinks/opines x2 [opinion] (du'u) is true about subject/issue x3 on grounds x4 |
| jipci | chicken | x1 is a chicken/[hen/cock/rooster]/small fowl [a type of bird] of species/breed x2 |
| jisra | juice | x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of juice/nectar from-source/of-type x2 |
| jmina | add | x1 adds/combines x2 to/with x3, with result x4; x1 augments x2 by amount x3 |
| jmive | live | x1 lives/is alive by standard x2; x1 is an organism/living thing |
| jo | tanru iff | logical connective: tanru-internal biconditional/iff/if-and-only-if |
| joi | in a mass with | non-logical connective: mixed conjunction; 'and' meaning 'mixed together', forming a mass |
| jonai | tanru xor | logical connective: tanru-internal exclusive or |
| ju | tanru whether | logical connective: tanru-internal whether-or-not |
| jubme | table | x1 is a table/flat solid upper surface of material x2, supported by legs/base/pedestal x3 |
| ju'i | attention | vocative: attention – at ease – ignore me |
| jukpa | cook | x1 cooks/prepares food-for-eating x2 by recipe/method x3 (process) |
| jundi | attentive | x1 is attentive towards/attends/tends/pays attention to object/affair x2 |
| jungo | Chinese | x1 reflects Chinese [Mandarin, Cantonese, Wu, etc.] culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 |
| junri | serious | x1 (person) is serious/earnest/has gravity about x2 (event/state/activity) |
| ju'o | certainty | attitudinal modifier: certainly – uncertain – certainly not |
| ka | property abstract | abstractor: property/quality abstractor (-ness); x1 is quality/property exhibited by [bridi] |
| kabri | cup | x1 is a cup/glass/tumbler/mug/vessel/[bowl] containing contents x2, and of material x3 |
| kakne | able | x1 is able to do/be/capable of doing/being x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 (event/state) |
| kanla | cup | x1 is a/the eye [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus]; (adjective:) x1 is ocular |
| kansa | with | x1 is with/accompanies/is a companion of x2, in state/condition/enterprise x3 (event/state) |
| karbi | compare | x1 [observer] compares x2 with x3 in property x4 (ka), determining comparison x5 (state) |
| karce | car | x1 is a car/automobile/truck/van [a wheeled motor vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 |
| karni | journal | x1 is a journal/periodical/magazine/[newspaper] with content x2 published by x3 for audience x4 |
| kau | indirect question | discursive: marks word serving as focus of indirect question |
| ke | start grouping | start grouping of tanru, etc; ... type of ... ; overrides normal tanru left grouping |
| ke'a | relativized it | pro-sumti: relativized sumti (object of relative clause) |
| ke'e | end grouping | elidable terminator: end of tanru left grouping override (usually elidable) |
| kei | end abstraction | elidable terminator: end abstraction bridi (often elidable) |
| kensa | outer space | x1 is outer space near/associated with celestial body/region x2 |
| ke'o | please repeat | vocative: please repeat |
| kerfa | hair | x1 is a/the hair/fur [body-part] of x2 at body location x3 |
| ki'a | textual confusion | attitudinal question: confusion about something said |
| ki'e | thanks | vocative: thanks – no thanks to you |
| kijno | oxygen | x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of oxygen (O) |
| ki'o | number comma | digit/number: number comma; thousands |
| kisto | Pakistani | x1 reflects Pakistani/Pashto culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 |
| ki'u | because of reason | krinu modal, 1st place (justified by) justifiably; because of reason ... |
| klaji | street | x1 is a street/avenue/lane/drive/cul-de-sac/way/alley/[road] at x2 accessing x3 |
| klaku | weep | x1 weeps/cries tears x2 about/for reason x3 (event/state) |
| klama | come | x1 goes/comes to x2 from x3 via x4 by means x5 |
| ko | imperative | pro-sumti: you (imperative); make it true for you, the listener |
| ko'a | it #1 | pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #1 (specified by goi) |
| ko'e | it #2 | pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #2 (specified by goi) |
| ko'i | it #3 | pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #3 (specified by goi) |
| ko'o | it #4 | pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #4 (specified by goi) |
| ko'u | it #5 | pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #5 (specified by goi) |
| krasi | origin | x1 (site/event) is a source/start/beginning/origin of x2 (object/event/process) |
| kratr�senatore | senator | x1 is a senator representing x2 in senate x3 |
| krinu | reason | x1 (event/state) is a reason/justification/explanation for/causing/permitting x2 (event/state) |
| krixa | cry out | x1 cries out/yells/howls sound x2; x1 is a crier |
| ku | end sumti | elidable terminator: end description, modal, or negator sumti; often elidable |
| kucli | curious | x1 is curious/wonders about/is interested in/[inquisitive about] x2 (object/abstract) |
| ku'i | however | iscursive: however/but/in contrast |
| kukte | delicious | x1 is delicious/tasty/delightful to observer/sense x2 [person, or sensory activity] |
| kumfa | room | x1 is a room of/in structure x2 surrounded by partitions/walls/ceiling/floor x3 (mass/jo'u) |
| kunti | empty | x1 [container] is empty/vacant of x2 [material]; x1 is hollow |
| ku'o | end relative clause | elidable terminator: end NOI relative clause; always elidable, but preferred in complex clauses |
| kurji | take care of | x1 takes-care-of/looks after/attends to/provides for/is caretaker for x2 (object/event/person) |
| ky | k | letteral for k |
| kybu | q | letteral for q |
| la | that named | name descriptor: the one(s) called ... ; takes name or selbri description |
| la'a | probability | discursive: probably – improbably |
| lacpu | pull | x1 pulls/tugs/draws/drags x2 by handle/at locus x3 |
| ladru | milk | x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of milk from source x2; (adjective:) x1 is lactic/dairy |
| la'e di'u | last utterance it | pro-sumti: the referent of the last utterance; the state described |
| la'e | the referent of | the referent of (indirect pointer); uses the referent of a sumti as the desired sumti |
| la'i | the set of named | name descriptor: the set of those named ... ; takes name or selbri description |
| lai | the mass of named | name descriptor: the mass of individual(s) named ... ; takes name or selbri description |
| lamji | adjacent | x1 is adjacent/beside/next to/in contact with x2 in property/sequence x3 in direction x4 |
| lanli | analyze | x1 analyzes/examines-in-detail x2 by method/technique/system x3 [process/activity] |
| lanme | sheep | x1 is a sheep/[lamb/ewe/ram] of species/breed x2 of flock x3 |
| lante | can | x1 is a can/tightly sealed/pre-sealed container for perishable contents x2, made of x3 |
| la'o | the non-Lojban named | delimited non-Lojban name; the resulting quote sumti is treated as a name |
| le | the described | non-veridical descriptor: the one(s) described as ... |
| lebna | take | x1 takes/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes] x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor) |
| le'e | the stereotypical | non-veridical descriptor: the stereotype of those described as ... |
| le'i | the set described | non-veridical descriptor: the set of those described as ..., treated as a set |
| lei | the mass described | non-veridical descriptor: the mass of individual(s) described as ... |
| lerci | late | x1 (event) is late by standard x2 |
| le'u | end error quote | end quote of questionable or out-of-context text; not elidable |
| li | the number | the number/evaluated expression; convert number/operand/evaluated math expression to sumti |
| lidne | precede | x1 precedes/leads x2 in sequence x3; x1 is former/preceding/previous; x2 is latter/following |
| lifri | experience | x1 [person/passive/state] undergoes/experiences x2 (event/experience); x2 happens to x1 |
| lindi | lightning | x1 is lightning/electrical arc/thunderbolt striking at/extending to x2 from x3 |
| lo | that which really is | veridical descriptor: the one(s) that really is(are) ... |
| lo'e | the typical | veridical descriptor: the typical one(s) who really is(are) ... |
| logji | logic | x1 [rules/methods] is a logic for deducing/concluding/inferring/reasoning to/about x2 (du'u) |
| lo'i | the set which really is | veridical descriptor: the set of those that really are ..., treated as a set |
| loi | the mass which really is | veridical descriptor: the mass of individual(s) that is(are) ... |
| lojbo | Lojbanic | x1 reflects [Loglandic]/Lojbanic language/culture/nationality/community in aspect x2 |
| lo'o | end mex sumti | elidable terminator: end math expression (mex) sumti; end mex-to-sumti conversion; usually elidable |
| lo'u | error quote | start questionable/out-of-context quote; text should be Lojban words, but needn't be grammatical |
| lu'a | the individuals of | the members of the set/components of the mass; converts another description type to individuals |
| lujvo | affix compound | x1 (text) is a compound predicate word with meaning x2 and arguments x3 built from metaphor x4 |
| lunra | lunar | x1 is Earth's moon (default); x1 is a major natural satellite/moon of planet x2 |
| lu'o | the mass composed of | the mass composed of; converts another description type to a mass composed of the members |
| ly | l | letteral for l |
| ma | sumti? | pro-sumti: sumti question (what/who/how/why/etc.); appropriately fill in sumti blank |
| ma'a | we with you | pro-sumti: me/we the speaker(s)/author(s) and you the listener(s) and others unspecified |
| mabla | derogative | x1 is a derogative connotation/sense of x2 used by x3; x3 derogates/'curses at' x2 in form x1 |
| malglico | derogatorily English | x1 is English/pertains to English-speaking culture in aspect x2, and is derogatorily viewed by x3 (mabla 'derogative' + glico 'English') |
| malrarbau | derogatorily natural language | x1 is a natural language, and is derogatorily viewed by x2 (mabla 'derogative' + rarna 'natural' + bangu 'languge') |
| mamta | mother | x1 is a mother of x2; x1 bears/mothers/acts maternally toward x2; [not necessarily biological] |
| manci | wonder | x1 feels wonder/awe/marvels about x2 |
| manku | dark | x1 is dark/lacking in illumination |
| mansa | satisfy | x1 satisfies evaluator x2 in property (ka)/state x3 |
| masti | month | x1 is x2 months in duration (default is 1 month) by month standard x3 |
| matcrflokati | flokati rug | x1 is a flokati rug |
| mau | exceeded by | zmadu modal, 1st place (a greater) exceeded by ... ; usually a sumti modifier |
| me | sumti to selbri | convert sumti to selbri/tanru element; x1 is specific to [sumti] in aspect x2 |
| mebri | brow | x1 is a/the brow/forehead [projecting flat/smooth head/body-part] of x2 |
| melbi | beautiful | x1 is beautiful/pleasant to x2 in aspect x3 (ka) by aesthetic standard x4 |
| menli | mind | x1 is a mind/intellect/psyche/mentality/[consciousness] of body x2 |
| mensi | sister | x1 is a sister of/sororal to x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necessarily biological] |
| merko | American | x1 pertains to USA/American culture/nationality/dialect in aspect x2 |
| mi | me | pro-sumti: me/we the speaker(s)/author(s); identified by self-vocative |
| mi'a | we, not you | pro-sumti: me/we the speaker(s)/author(s) and others unspecified, but not you, the listener |
| mi'e | self-introduction | self vocative: self-introduction – denial of identity; identifies speaker |
| mikce | doctor | x1 doctors/treats/nurses/[cures]/is physician/midwife to x2 for ailment x3 by treatment/cure x4 |
| milxe | mild | x1 is mild/non-extreme/gentle/middling/somewhat in property x2 (ka); x1 is not very x2 |
| minra | reflect | x1 reflects/mirrors/echoes x2 [object/radiation] to observer/point x3 as x4; x2 bounces on x1 |
| mintu | same | x1 is the same/identical thing as x2 by standard x3; (x1 and x2 interchangeable) |
| mi'o | me and you | pro-sumti: me/we the speaker(s)/author(s) and you the listener(s) |
| misno | famous | x1 (person/object/event) is famous/renowned/is a celebrity among community of persons x2 (mass) |
| mlatu | cat | x1 is a cat/[puss/pussy/kitten] [feline animal] of species/breed x2; (adjective:) x1 is feline |
| mo | bridi? | pro-bridi: bridi/selbri/brivla question |
| mo'i | space motion | mark motions in space-time |
| moi | ordinal selbri | convert number to ordinal selbri; x1 is (n)th member of set x2 ordered by rule x3 |
| morji | remember | x1 remembers/recalls/recollects fact(s)/memory x2 (du'u) about subject x3 |
| morsi | dead | x1 is dead/has ceased to be alive |
| mo'u | completive | interval event contour: at the natural ending point of ...; completive |
| mrilu | mail | x1 mails/posts [transfer via intermediary service] x2 to x3 from x4 by carrier/network/system x5 |
| mrobi'o | die | x1 dies under conditions x2 (morsi 'dead' + binxo 'become') |
| mu | 5 | digit/number: 5 |
| mu'i | because of motive | mukti modal, 1st place because of motive ... |
| mukti | motive | x1 (action/event/state) motivates/is a motive/incentive for action/event x2, per volition of x3 |
| mulno | complete | x1 (event) is complete/done/finished; x1 (object) has become whole in property x2 by standard x3 |
| munje | universe | x1 is a universe/cosmos [complete and ordered entirety] of domain/sphere x2 defined by rules x3 |
| mu'o | over | vocative: over (response OK) – more to come |
| mupli | example | x1 is an example/sample/specimen/instance/case/illustration of common property(s) x2 of set x3 |
| mutce | much | x1 is much/extreme in property x2 (ka), towards x3 extreme/direction; x1 is, in x2, very x3 |
| mu'u | exemplified by | mupli modal, 1st place exemplified by ... |
| my | m | letteral for m |
| na.a | sumti only if | logical connective: sumti afterthought conditional/only if |
| na | bridi negator | bridi contradictory negator; scope is an entire bridi; logically negates in some cmavo compounds |
| nabmi | problem | x1 (event/state) is a problem to/encountered by x2 in situation/task/inquiry x3 |
| na'e | scalar contrary | contrary scalar negator: other than ...; not ...; a scale or set is implied |
| nagi'a | bridi only if | logical connective: bridi-tail afterthought conditional/only if |
| nai | negate last word | attached to cmavo to negate them; various negation-related meanings |
| naja | tanru only if | logical connective: tanru-internal conditional/only if |
| namcu | number | x1 (li) is a number/quantifier/digit/value/figure (noun); refers to the value and not the symbol |
| nanba | bread | x1 is a quantity of/contains bread [leavened or unleavened] made from grains x2 |
| nanca | year | x1 is x2 years in duration (default is 1 year) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is annual |
| nandu | difficult | x1 is difficult/hard/challenging for x2 under conditions x3; x1 challenges (non-agentive) x2 |
| nanmu | man | x1 is a man/men; x1 is a male humanoid person [not necessarily adult] |
| narju | orange | x1 is orange [color adjective] |
| ne'a | next to | location tense relation/direction; approximating/next to ... |
| ne'i | within | location tense relation/direction; within/inside of/into ... |
| nelci | fond | x1 is fond of/likes/has a taste for x2 (object/state) |
| nenri | in | x1 is in/inside/within x2; x1 is on the inside/interior of x2 [totally within the bounds of x2] |
| ni | amount abstract | abstractor: quantity/amount abstractor; x1 is quantity/amount of [bridi] measured on scale x2 |
| ni'a | below | location tense relation/direction; downwards/down from ... |
| nibli | necessitate | x1 logically necessitates/entails/implies action/event/state x2 under rules/logic system x3 |
| nicte | night | x1 is a nighttime of day x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is at night/nocturnal |
| ni'i | because of logic | nibli modal, 1st place logically; logically because ... |
| nimre | citrus | x1 is a quantity of citrus [fruit/tree, etc.] of species/strain x2 |
| ninmu | woman | x1 is a woman (any female humanoid person, not necessarily adult) |
| ninpe'i | meet | x1 meets x2 for the first time at location x3 (cnino 'new' + penmi 'meet') |
| ni'o | new topic | discursive: paragraph break; introduce new topic |
| nitcu | need | x1 needs/requires/is dependent on/[wants] necessity x2 for purpose/action/stage of process x3 |
| ni'u | negative number | digit/number: minus sign; negative number); default any negative |
| no | 0 | digit/number: 0 |
| nobli | noble | x1 is noble/aristocratic/elite/high-born/titled in/under culture/society/standard x2 |
| no'e | scalar midpoint not | midpoint scalar negator: neutral point between je'a and to'e; 'not really' |
| noi | incidental clause | non-restrictive relative clause; attaches subordinate bridi with incidental information |
| no'u | incidental identity | non-restrictive appositive phrase marker: which incidentally is the same thing as ... |
| nu | event abstract | abstractor: generalized event abstractor; x1 is state/process/achievement/activity of [bridi] |
| nu'e | promise | vocative: promise – promise release – un-promise |
| nupre | promise | x1 (agent) promises/commits/assures/threatens x2 (event/state) to x3 [beneficiary/victim] |
| ny | n | letteral for n |
| pa | 1 | digit/number: 1 |
| pagbu | part | x1 is a part/component/piece/portion/segment of x2 [where x2 is a whole/mass]; x2 is partly x1 |
| pai | pi | digit/number: pi (approximately 3.1416...) |
| palci | evil | x1 is evil/depraved/wicked [morally bad] by standard x2 |
| patlu | potato | x1 is a potato [an edible tuber] of variety/cultivar x2 |
| pavbudjo | first Buddhist | x1 is the first Buddhist (pa '1' + budjo 'Buddhist') |
| pe | restrictive phrase | restrictive relative phrase marker: which is associated with ...; loosest associative/possessive |
| pe'i | I opine | evidential: I opine (subjective claim) |
| pei | emotion? | attitudinal: attitudinal question; how do you feel about it? with what intensity? |
| pelxu | yellow | x1 is yellow/golden [color adjective] |
| pencu | touch | x1 (agent) touches x2 with x3 [a locus on x1 or an instrument] at x4 [a locus on x2] |
| pendo | friend | x1 is/acts as a friend of/to x2 (experiencer); x2 befriends x1 |
| penmi | meet | x1 meets/encounters x2 at/in location x3 |
| pensi | police | x1 thinks/considers/cogitates/reasons/is pensive about/reflects upon subject/concept x2 |
| pesxu | paste | x1 is paste/pulp/dough/mash/mud/slurry [soft, smooth-textured, moist solid] of composition x2 |
| pe'u | please | vocative: please |
| pi so'e | most of | number: most of of; used to refer to a greater portion of something |
| pi | decimal point | digit/number: radix (number base) point; default decimal |
| pi'e | digit separator | digit/number:separates digits for base >16, not current standard, or variable (e.g. time, date) |
| pilno | use | x1 uses/employs x2 [tool, apparatus, machine, agent, acting entity, material] for purpose x3 |
| pinsi | pencil | x1 is a pencil/crayon/stylus applying lead/marking material x2, frame/support [of material] x3 |
| pinxe | drink | x1 (agent) drinks/imbibes beverage/drink/liquid refreshment x2 from/out-of container/source x3 |
| pi'o | used by | pilno modal, 1st place used by ... |
| pipno | piano | x1 is a piano/harpsichord/synthesizer/organ; a keyboard musical instrument |
| plise | apple | x1 is an apple [fruit] of species/strain x2 |
| pluja | complicated | x1 is complex/complicated/involved in aspect/property x2 (ka) by standard x3 |
| po | is specific to | restrictive relative phrase marker: which is specific to ...; normal possessive physical/legal |
| po'e | which belongs to | restrictive relative phrase marker: which belongs to ... ; inalienable possession |
| poi | restrictive clause | restrictive relative clause; attaches subordinate bridi with identifying information to a sumti |
| ponse | possess | x1 possesses/owns/has x2 under law/custom x3; x1 is owner/proprietor of x2 under x3 |
| po'u | restrictive identity | restrictive appositive phrase marker: which is the same thing as |
| prami | love | x1 loves/feels strong affectionate devotion towards x2 (object/state) |
| prenu | person | x1 is a person/people (noun) [not necessarily human]; x1 displays personality/a persona |
| preti | question | x1 (quoted text) is a question/query about subject x2 by questioner x3 to audience x4 |
| pritu | right | x1 is to the right of x2 facing x3 |
| pu | before | time tense relation/direction: did [selbri]; before/prior to [sumti]; default past tense |
| pulji | police | x1 is a police officer/[enforcer/vigilante] enforcing law(s)/rule(s)/order x2 |
| pu'o | anticipative | interval event contour: in anticipation of ...; until ... ; inchoative |
| purci | past | x1 is in the past of/earlier than/before x2 in time sequence; x1 is former; x2 is latter |
| purlamcte | last night | x1 is the night preceding x2 (purci 'past' + lamji 'adjacent' + nicte 'night') |
| py | p | letteral for p |
| ra | recent sumti | pro-sumti: a recent sumti before the last one, as determined by back-counting rules |
| ractu | rabbit | x1 is a rabbit/hare/[doe] of species/breed x2 |
| rafsi | affix | x1 is an affix/suffix/prefix/combining-form for word/concept x2, form/properties x3, language x4 |
| rarna | natural | x1 is natural/spontaneous/instinctive, not [consciously] caused by person(s) |
| rasyjukpa | fry | x1 fries x2 (grasu 'grease' + jukpa 'cook') |
| re | 2 | digit/number: 2 |
| rectu | meat | x1 is a quantity of/contains meat/flesh from source/animal x2 |
| re'i | ready to receive | vocative: ready to receive – not ready to receive |
| rei | 14 | digit/number: hex digit E |
| remna | human | x1 is a human/human being/man (non-specific gender-free sense); (adjective:) x1 is human |
| ri | last sumti | pro-sumti: the last sumti, as determined by back-counting rules |
| ri'a | because of cause | rinka modal, 1st place (phys./mental) causal because ... |
| rinka | cause | x1 (event/state) effects/physically causes effect x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 |
| rinsa | greet | x1 (agent) greets/hails/[welcomes/says hello to]/responds to arrival of x2 in manner x3 (action) |
| rirni | parent | x1 is a parent of/raises/rears x2; x1 mentors/acts parental toward child/protege x2 |
| ri'u | on the right of | location tense relation/direction; rightwards/to the right of ... |
| ro | each | digit/number: each, all |
| rokci | rock | x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains rock/stone of type/composition x2 from location x3 |
| ru | earlier sumti | pro-sumti: a remote past sumti, before all other in-use backcounting sumti |
| ru'e | weak emotion | attitudinal: weak intensity attitude modifier |
| rufsu | rough | x1 is rough/coarse/uneven/[grainy/scabrous/rugged] in texture/regularity |
| rupnu | dollar | x1 is measured in major-money-units (dollar/yuan/ruble) as x2 (quantity), monetary system x3 |
| ry | r | letteral for r |
| sa | erase utterance | erase complete or partial utterance; next word shows how much erasing to do |
| sabji | provide | x1 (source) provides/supplies/furnishes x2 [supply/commodity] to x3 [recipient] |
| sa'e | precisely speaking | discursive: precisely speaking – loosely speaking |
| sai | strong emotion | attitudinal: moderate intensity attitude modifier |
| sakta | sugar | x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of sugar [sweet edible] from source x2 of composition x3 |
| salci | celebrate | x1 celebrates/recognizes/honors x2 (event/abstract) with activity/[party] x3 |
| sanga | sing | x1 sings/chants x2 [song/hymn/melody/melodic sounds] to audience x3 |
| sanli | stand | x1 stands [is vertically oriented] on surface x2 supported by limbs/support/pedestal x3 |
| sanmi | meal | x1 (mass) is a meal composed of dishes including x2 |
| saske | science | x1 (mass of facts) is science of/about subject matter x2 based on methodology x3 |
| sazri | operate | x1 operates/drives/runs x2 [apparatus/machine] with goal/objective/use/end/function x3 |
| se ba'i | instead of | basti modal, 2nd place instead of ... |
| se cau | without | claxu modal, 2nd place (lacking) without ... |
| se du'u | sentence abstract | compound abstractor: sentence/equation abstract; x1 is text expressing [bridi] which is x2 |
| se ja'e | results because | jalge modal, 2nd place (event causal) results because of ... |
| se pa'u | as a part of | pagbu modal, 2nd place (whole) partially; as a part of ... |
| se si'u | assisting | sidju modal, 2nd place assisting ... (in doing/maintaining something) |
| se | 2nd conversion | 2nd conversion; switch 1st/2nd places |
| se'i | self-oriented | attitudinal modifier: self-oriented – other-oriented |
| selbri | predicate relation | x2 (text) is a predicate relationship with relation x1 among arguments (sequence/set) (= se bridi) |
| selpeicku | manifesto | x1 is a manifesto about topic x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5 (pensi 'thought' + cukta 'book') |
| sepli | apart | x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/gap/interval/separating medium x3 |
| si | erase word | erase the last Lojban word, treating non-Lojban text as a single word |
| sidbo | idea | x1 [person] labors/works on/at x2 [activity] with goal/objective x3 |
| sidju | help | x1 helps/assists/aids object/person x2 do/achieve/maintain event/activity x3 |
| simlu | seem | x1 seems/appears to have property(ies) x2 to observer x3 under conditions x4 |
| simsa | similar | x1 is similar/parallel to x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni); x1 looks/appears like x2 |
| simxu | mutual | x1 (set) has members who mutually/reciprocally x2 (event [x1 should be reflexive in 1+ sumti]) |
| si'o | concept | abstractor: idea/concept abstractor; x1 is x2's concept of [bridi] |
| sisku | seek | x1 seeks/searches/looks for property x2 among set x3 (complete specification of set) |
| sisti | cease | x1 ceases/stops/halts activity/process/state x2 [not necessarily completing it] |
| skapi | pelt | x1 is a pelt/skin/hide/leather from x2 |
| skicu | describe | x1 tells about/describes x2 (object/event/state) to audience x3 with description x4 (property) |
| skori | cord | x1 is cord/cable/rope/line/twine/cordage/woven strands of material x2 |
| slabu | familiar | x1 is old/familiar/well-known to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4 |
| sluni | onion | x1 is a quantity of/contains onions/scallions of type/cultivar x2 |
| smagau | quieten | x1 acts so that x2 is quiet/silent/[still] at observation point x3 by standard x4 (smaji 'quiet' + gasnu 'do') |
| smaji | quiet | x1 (source) is quiet/silent/[still] at observation point x2 by standard x3 |
| snanu | south | x1 is to the south/southern side of x2 according to frame of reference x3 |
| snuti | accidental | x1 (event/state) is an accident/unintentional on the part of x2; x1 is an accident |
| so | 9 | digit/number: 9 |
| so'a | almost all | digit/number: almost all (digit/number) |
| sodva | soda | x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of a carbonated beverage/soda of flavor/brand x2 |
| so'e | most | digit/number: most |
| so'i | many | digit/number: many |
| soi | reciprocal sumti | discursive: reciprocal sumti marker; indicates a reciprocal relationship between sumti |
| sonci | soldier | x1 is a soldier/warrior/fighter of army x2 |
| so'o | several | digit/number: several |
| so'u | few | digit/number: few |
| spaji | surprise | x1 (event/action abstract) surprises/startles/is unexpected [and generally sudden] to x2 |
| spati | plant | x1 is a plant/herb/greenery of species/strain/cultivar x2 |
| spebi'o | marry | x1 marries x2; x1 becomes a spouse of x2 under law/custom/tradition/system/convention x3 (speni 'spouse' + binxo 'become') |
| speni | married | x1 is married to x2; x1 is a spouse of x2 under law/custom/tradition/system/convention x3 |
| spita | hospital | x1 is a hospital treating patient(s) x2 for condition/injuries/disease/illness x3 |
| spoja | explode | x1 bursts/explodes/violently breaks up/decomposes/combusts into pieces/energy/fragments x2 |
| spuda | reply | x1 answers/replies to/responds to person/object/event/situation/stimulus x2 with response x3 |
| sruma | reply | x1 assumes/supposes that x2 (du'u) is true about subject x3 |
| stali | remain | x1 remains/stays at/abides/lasts with x2 |
| stedu | head | x1 is a/the head [body-part] of x2 |
| stela | lock | x1 is a lock/seal of/on/for sealing x2 with/by locking mechanism x3 |
| su'e | at most | digit/number: at most (all); no more than |
| su'i | plus | n-ary mathematical operator: plus; addition operator; [(((a + b) + c) + ...)] |
| sumti | argument | x1 is a/the argument of predicate/function x2 filling place x3 (kind/number) |
| su'o | at least | at least some); no less than |
| sutra | fast | x1 is fast/swift/quick/hastes/rapid at doing/being/bringing about x2 (event/state) |
| su'u | unspecified abstract | abstractor: generalized abstractor (how); x1 is [bridi] as a non-specific abstraction of type x2 |
| sy | s | letteral for s |
| ta | that there | pro-sumti: that there; nearby demonstrative it; indicated thing/place near listener |
| ta'a | interruption | vocative: interruption |
| tadni | study | x1 studies/is a student of x2; x1 is a scholar; (adjective:) x1 is scholarly |
| tamne | cousin | x1 is cousin to x2 by bond/tie x3; [non-immediate family member, default same generation] |
| ta'o | by the way | discursive: by the way – returning to the subject |
| tarci | star | x1 is a star/sun with stellar properties x2 |
| tartcita | star label | x1 is a star-shaped label/tag of x2 showing information x3 (tarci 'star' + tcita 'label') |
| tarti | behave | x1 behaves/conducts oneself as/in-manner x2 (event/property) under conditions x3 |
| tavla | talk | x1 talks/speaks to x2 about subject x3 in language x4 |
| tcadu | city | x1 is a town/city of metropolitan area x2, in political unit x3, serving hinterland/region x4 |
| tcetoi | try hard | x1 tries hard to do/attain x2 (event/state/property) by actions/method x3 (mutce 'much' + troci 'try') |
| tcica | deceive | x1 (event/experience) misleads/deceives/dupes/fools/cheats/tricks x2 into x3 (event/state) |
| tcidu | talk | x1 [agent] reads x2 [text] from surface/document/reading material x3; x1 is a reader |
| tcika | time of day | x1 [hours, {minutes}, {seconds}] is the time/hour of state/event x2 on day x3 at location x4 |
| tcita | label | x1 is a label/tag of x2 showing information x3 |
| te me'e | as a name used by | cmene modal, 3rd place as a name used by ... |
| te | 3rd conversion | 3rd conversion; switch 1st/2nd places |
| telgau | lock | x1 (agent) makes x2 be a lock/seal of/on/for sealing x3 with/by locking mechanism x4 (stela 'lock' + gasnu 'do') |
| terdi | earth | x1 is the Earth/the home planet of race x2; (adjective:) x1 is terrestrial/earthbound |
| ti | this here | pro-sumti: this here; immediate demonstrative it; indicated thing/place near speaker |
| ti'a | behind | location tense relation/direction; rearwards/to the rear of ... |
| tigni | perform | x1 performs x2 [performance] for/before audience x3 |
| tinbe | obey | x1 obeys/follows the command/rule x2 made by x3; (adjective:) x1 is obedient |
| tirna | hear | x1 hears x2 against background/noise x3; x2 is audible; (adjective:) x1 is aural |
| tirse | iron | x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of iron (Fe) |
| ti'u | associated with time | tcika modal, 1st place (for letters) associated with time ... ; attach time stamp |
| tivni | television | x1 [broadcaster] televises programming x2 via media/channel x3 to television receiver x4 |
| to | start parenthesis | left parenthesis; start of parenthetical note which must be grammatical Lojban text |
| to'e | polar opposite | polar opposite scalar negator |
| toi | end parenthesis | elidable terminator: right parenthesis/end unquote; seldom elidable except at end of text |
| to'o | away from point | location tense relation/direction; departing from/directly away from ... |
| traji | superlative | x1 is superlative in property x2 (ka), the x3 extreme (ka; default ka zmadu) among set/range x4 |
| trene | train | x1 is a train [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled by x4 |
| troci | try | x1 tries/attempts/makes an effort to do/attain x2 (event/state/property) by actions/method x3 |
| tu | that yonder | pro-sumti: that yonder; distant demonstrative it; indicated thing far from speaker and listener |
| tu'a | the bridi implied by | extracts a concrete sumti from an unspecified abstraction; equivalent to le nu/su'u [sumti] co'e |
| tu'e | start text scope | start of multiple utterance scope; used for logical/non-logical/ordinal joining of sentences |
| tugni | agree | x1 [person] agrees with person(s)/position/side x2 that x3 (du'u) is true about matter x4 |
| turni | govern | x1 [person] labors/works on/at x2 [activity] with goal/objective x3 |
| tutra | territory | x1 is territory/domain/space of/belonging to/controlled by x2 |
| tu'u | end text scope | elidable terminator: end multiple utterance scope; seldom elidable |
| ty | t | letteral for t |
| va | there at | location tense distance: near to ... ; there at ...; a medium/small distance from ... |
| vai | 15 | digit/number: hex digit F |
| vajni | important | x1 (object/event) is important/significant to x2 (person/event) in aspect/for reason x3 (nu/ka) |
| valsi | word | x1 is a word meaning/causing x2 in language x3; (adjective: x1 is lexical/verbal) |
| vanbi | environment | x1 (ind./mass) is part of an environment/surroundings/context/ambience of x2 |
| vanju | wine | x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of wine from fruit/grapes x2 |
| va'o | under conditions | vanbi modal, 1st place (conditions 1) under conditions ...; in environment ... |
| vau | end simple bridi | elidable: end of sumti in simple bridi; in compound bridi, separates common trailing sumti |
| ve | 4th conversion | 4th conversion; switch 1st/4th places |
| vecnu | sell | x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 |
| venfu | revenge | x1 takes revenge on/retaliates against x2 (person) for wrong x3 (nu) with vengeance x4 (nu) |
| vensa | spring | x1 is spring/springtime [warming season] of year x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is vernal |
| vi | here at | location tense distance: here at ... ; at or a very short/tiny distance from ... |
| vi'irku'a | toilet | x1 is a toilet in structure x2 (vikmi 'excrete' + kumfa 'room') |
| vikmi | excrete | x1 [body] excretes waste x2 from source x3 via means/route x4 |
| vimcu | remove | x1 removes/subtracts/deducts/takes away x2 from x3 with/leaving result/remnant/remainder x4 |
| vinji | airplane | x1 is an airplane/aircraft [flying vehicle] for carrying passengers/cargo x2, propelled by x3 |
| vi'o | wilco | vocative: wilco (ack and will comply) |
| viska | see | x1 sees/views/perceives visually x2 under conditions x3 |
| vitke | guest | x1 is a guest/visitor of x2 at place/event x3; x1 visits x2/x3 |
| vlipa | powerful | x1 has the power to bring about x2 under conditions x3; x1 is powerful in aspect x2 under x3 |
| vo | 4 | digit/number: 4 |
| vo'a | x1 it | pro-sumti: repeats 1st place of main bridi of this sentence |
| vo'e | x2 it | pro-sumti: repeats 2nd place of main bridi of this sentence |
| vofli | fly | x1 flies [in air/atmosphere] using lifting/propulsion means x2 |
| vo'i | x3 it | pro-sumti: repeats 3rd place of main bridi of this sentence |
| voksa | voice | x1 is a voice/speech sound of individual x2 |
| vo'o | x4 it | pro-sumti: repeats 4th place of main bridi of this sentence |
| vo'u | x5 it | pro-sumti: repeats 5th place of main bridi of this sentence |
| vrude | virtue | x1 is virtuous/saintly/[fine/moral/nice/holy/morally good] by standard x2 |
| vu | yonder at | location tense distance: far from ... ; yonder at ... ; a long distance from ... |
| vy | v | letteral for v |
| vybu | w | letteral for w |
| xa | 6 | digit/numeral: 6 |
| xabju | dwell | x1 dwells/lives/resides/abides at/inhabits/is a resident of location/habitat/nest/home/abode x2 |
| xadba | half | x1 is exactly/approximately half/semi-/demi-/hemi- of x2 by standard x3 |
| xadni | body | x1 is a/the body/corpus/corpse of x2; (adjective:) x1 is corporal/corporeal |
| xajmi | funny | x1 is funny/comical to x2 in property/aspect x3 (nu/ka); x3 is what is funny about x1 to x2 |
| xalfekfri | drunk | x1 is inebriated, drunk (xalka 'alcohol' + fenki 'crazy' + lifri 'experience') |
| xalka | alcohol | x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alcohol of type x2 from source/process x3 |
| xamgu | good | x1 is good/beneficial/acceptable for x2 by standard x3 |
| xanka | nervous | x1 is nervous/anxious about x2 (abstraction) under conditions x3 |
| xanto | elephant | x1 is an elephant of species/breed x2 |
| xatra | letter | x1 is a letter/missive/[note] to intended audience x2 from author/originator x3 with content x4 |
| xe | 5th conversion | 5th conversion; switch 1st/5th places |
| xebni | hate | x1 hates/despises x2 (object/abstraction); x1 is full of hate for x2; x2 is odious to x1 |
| xelso | Greek | x1 reflects Greek/Hellenic culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 |
| xendo | kind | x1 (person) is kind to x2 in actions/behavior x3 |
| xindo | Hindi | x1 reflects Hindi language/culture/religion in aspect x2 |
| xlali | bad | x1 is bad for x2 by standard x3; x1 is poor/unacceptable to x2 |
| xlura | influences | x1 (agent) influences/lures/tempts x2 into action/state x3 by influence/threat/lure x4 |
| xo | number? | digit/number: number/digit/lerfu question |
| xrabo | Arabic | x1 reflects Arabic-speaking culture/nationality in aspect x2 |
| xu | true–false? | discursive: true–false question |
| xukmi | chemical | x1 is an instance of substance/chemical/drug x2 (individual or mass) with purity x3 |
| xumske | chemistry | x1 is chemistry based on methodology x2 (xukmi 'chemical' + saske 'science') |
| xunre | red | x1 is red/crimson/ruddy [color adjective] |
| xy | x | letteral for x |
| za | medium time | time tense distance: medium distance in time |
| zanru | approve | x1 approves of/gives favor to plan/action x2 (object/event) |
| zbasu | make | x1 makes/assembles/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/parts/components x3 |
| zdani | nest | x1 is a nest/house/lair/den/[home] of/for x2 |
| zdile | amusing | x1 (abstract) is amusing/entertaining to x2 in property/aspect x3; x3 is what amuses x2 about x1 |
| ze | 7 | digit/number: 7 |
| ze'a | medium time interval | time tense interval: a medium length of time |
| ze'i | short time interval | time tense interval: an instantaneous/tiny/short amount of time |
| zekri | crime | x1 (event/state) is a punishable crime/[taboo/sin] to people/culture/judges/jury x2 |
| zergle | sexual crime | x1 copulates with x2, which is a punishable crime to people/culture/judges/jury x3 (zekri 'crime' + gletu 'copulate') |
| zerle'a | steal | x1 takes/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes] x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor), which is a punishable crime/[taboo/sin] to people/culture/judges/jury x4 (zekri 'crime' + lebna 'take') |
| ze'u | long time interval | time tense interval: a long amount of time |
| zgana | observe | x1 observes/[notices]/watches/beholds x2 using senses/means x3 under conditions x4 |
| zgike | music | x1 is music performed/produced by x2 (event) |
| zi | short time | time tense distance: instantaneous-to-short distance in time |
| zi'e | relative clause joiner | joins relative clauses which apply to the same sumti |
| zirpu | purple | x1 is purple/violet [color adjective] |
| ziryrai | purplest | x1 is the most purple/violet [color adjective] among set/range x2 (zirpu 'purple' + traji 'superlative') |
| zmadu | more | x1 exceeds/is more than x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by amount/excess x4 |
| zo | one-word quote | quote next word only; quotes a single Lojban word (not a cmavo compound or tanru) |
| zo'e | unspecified it | pro-sumti: an elliptical/unspecified value; has some value which makes bridi true |
| zoi | non-Lojban quote | delimited non-Lojban quotation; the result treated as a block of text |
| zo'o | humorously | attitudinal modifier: humorously – dully – seriously |
| zu | long time | time tense distance: long distance in time |
| zu'a | on the left of | location tense relation/direction; leftwards/to the left of ... |
| zutse | sit | x1 sits [assumes sitting position] on surface x2 |
| zu'u | on the one hand | discursive: on the one hand – on the other hand |
| zvati | at | x1 (object/event) is at/attending/present at x2 (event/location) |
| zy | z | letteral for z |
| -- |