In this lesson, we have covered:
Indirect questions (kau)
Property variables (ce'u)
Raising (co'e, tu'a, jai,
fai)
And with that, we have reached the end of the
Lojban for
Beginners course! There are several bits of the grammar of
Lojban not covered here; but you now have the essentials with which to
start using Lojban, and you are in a good position to pick up the rest
— preferably from
The Complete Lojban
Language, which is a fairly easy read for a reference grammar.
Moreover, most of the Lojban you will see will stick fairly closely to the
grammar covered here.
.i .a'o do se zdile tu'a le ve ctuca gi'e ba gleki lenu
pilno la lojban.
Vocabulary
Note: Remember the 'error quote' lo'u... le'u from Lesson 7.
| birti | | x1 is
certain/sure/positive/convinced that x2 is
true |
| cipra | | x1
(process/event) is a test for/proof of property/state x2 in subject x3
(individ./set/mass) |
| curmi | | x1 (agent)
lets/permits/allows x2 (event) under conditions x3; x1 grants privilege
x2 |
| dicra | | x1 (event)
interrupts/stops/halts/[disrupts] x2 (object/event/process) due to quality
x3 |
| drata | | x1 isn't
the-same-thing-as/is different-from/other-than x2 by standard x3; x1 is
something else |
| drani | | x1 is
correct/proper/right/perfect in property/aspect x2 (ka) in situation x3 by
standard x4 (Note: when people say correct things, that does not
automatically make them 'correct/proper/right/perfect') |
| jarco | | x1 (agent)
shows/exhibits/displays/[reveals]/demonstrates x2 (property) to audience
x3 |
| kucli | | x1 is
curious/wonders about/is interested in/[inquisitive about] x2
(object/abstract) |
| kumfa | | x1 is a room
of/in structure x2 surrounded by partitions/walls/ceiling/floor x3
(mass/jo'u) |
| logji | | x1
[rules/methods] is a logic for deducing/concluding/inferring/reasoning
to/about x2 (du'u) |
| mebri | | x1 is a/the
brow/forehead [projecting flat/smooth head/body-part] of
x2 |
| remna | | x1 is a
human/human being/man (non-specific gender-free sense); (adjective:) x1 is
human |
| rufsu | | x1 is
rough/coarse/uneven/[grainy/scabrous/rugged] in
texture/regularity |
| sonci | | x1 is a
soldier/warrior/fighter of army x2 |
| tarci | | x1 is a
star/sun with stellar properties x2 |
| Exercise 5 |
Translate from Lojban.
.i le vo pendo na djuno le du'u ri zvati ma kau mu'i ma
kau .i la jan. cusku lu .i mi cazi ckire da'i tu'a loi glare ke cnino se
zbasu ckafi li'u .i la djiotis. se cinri leka ce'u cizra pe le kumfa poi
dy. nenri .i la suzyn. cusku lu .i
.ue le vi canko noi jarco tu'a loi tarci cu pe'i jai se xanka
li'u .i la ranjit. cusku lu .i go'i fa ji'a le re fange noi
jarco leka le mebri po'e ce'u cu rufsu li'u .i pa fange poi simsa lo sonci cu jai cfari fai lenu
lanli le terdi pendo kei gi'e cusku lo'u .uxrup .ua. doglau. latl.
tcak. val. tca. le'u .i la ranjit. kucli ledu'u le fange cu tavla bau ma kau .i le ka tu'a ce'u se kucli cu se jundi le drata fange
noi cusku zoi gy. Greetings people of the planet ... um... Saturn?
gy. .i la jan. cusku lu .i tu'a le fange na drani so'a da li'u
|
| Exercise 6 |
Translate into Lojban. Use ce'u in quality abstractions. Use jai instead of tu'a wherever possible.
Susan says "Excuse me, but I think you are uncertain
about where you are — which is Earth." The alien says "You are correct." "We are, uh, merely testing you for terrestrial
intelligence." Jyoti says "You could have done that and not have
interrupted our dancing." Ranjeet says "And also, if you knew that we are
terrestrial people and intelligent, then you also knew that we are
terrestrial intelligences." (Use forethought connectives.) The alien says "Are you the radio
transmitter?" Ranjeet says "I am one of the radio transmitters." "But mi po'onai cradi is more logically
correct." The alien frowns, says "You are allowed to
leave", and un-removes the friends from the dance
hall. The alien says "xuˈmɑn
ˈmɛqːoq. ˈwɛdʒpux", which is
translated as "Human logic. Yuck."
|