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{1}}This booklet is an introduction to the language Lojban.  It is
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of linguistic issues relevant to Lojban. It may
be used in conjunction with the introductory lessons
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contains a few texts in Lojban, with parallel translation and glosses, to
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{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
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{}The \Node%
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{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
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{0}}la lojban. mo\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} brochure) was originally
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2001, incorporating material by Robin Turner.\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
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and 2001.\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{38}}\DisplayGroup%
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\Node%
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2001.\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{41}}\DisplayGroup%
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{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
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contained in the \Node%
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{italic}}\Node%
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\Node%
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{italic}}Is Lojban Scientifically Interesting?\endSeq{}\endNode{} originally written by
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and the paper \Node%
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{italic}}Loglan and Lojban: A Linguist's Questions And An Amateur's 
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{1}}Thanks to Pierre Abbat, Arnt Richard
Johansen, Jay Kominek, Jorge Llambías, Steven Lytle, Robin Lee Powell, Adam Raizen, And Rosta, Nora Tansky LeChevalier, Robin Turner, and Scott
Weller for their suggestions. For the pronunciation guides, thanks to Alfred Tüting, Philip Netwon, and Jorge Llambías.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{bold}}Note: \endSeq{}This booklet is published by the 
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incorporated as a non-profit scientific/educational charity approved by the
U.S. Government for tax-deductible donations.  We ask that those obtaining
our materials by computer register your interest with us by postal or
computer mail.  We also ask that you consider contributing to The Logical
Language Group to help offset our continuing costs in general support of
the Lojban community.  Contributions can be as small or as great as you
like, though we trust that you will find Lojban rewarding enough to contribute
a substantial amount. For the current price of this booklet, please check the
Lojban website, \Node%
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{0}}.i le dei cmacku cu vasru loi cfari
terdjuno datni pe la lojban. .i le cmacku cu se pagbu cida\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{0}}.i le \Node%
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{71}}\Link%
{\def\Label%
{sect1}}1moi 
pagbu\endLink{}\endNode{} cu naltcila jai jarco ledu'u ly. mo kau kei .e ledu'u ly. zasti 
mu'i ma kau kei .e ledu'u tu'a ly. cinri do ki'u ma kau .i le \Node%
{\def\Element%
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{\def\Label%
{sect2}}2moi pagbu\endLink{}\endNode{} cu vasru lo ritlymau velski be ly. be'o
no'u lo naltcila velski be le gerna sidbo be'o
kujoi lo xracartu torvelski be le jicmu gerna be'o kujoi lo prosa be le bauske
cuntu poi srana la lojban. .i ka'e pilno le go'i ku joi le 
cfari ve cilre be fi la lojban. be'o noi ka'e ji'a sepli se cpacu .i le \Node%
{\def\Element%
{73}}\Link%
{\def\Label%
{sect3}}ro 3moi pagbu\endLink{}\endNode{} cu vasru so'u seltcidu pebau la 
lojban. ge'u .e lo kansa xe fanva .e lo kansa xe vlafanva mu'i lenu do co'a 
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{0}}la lidne pagbu po'u le lu la lojban.
mo li'u seltcidu pepuku cu krasi se
finti la .AT,lstan. joi la lojbab. ca le 1988moi nanca gi'e se ningau ca la
1991moi .e la 2001moi .i ji'a ca la 2001moi co'a vasru loi seltcidu pefi'e la robin.terner.\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{}\Node%
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{0}}.i la naltcila velski cu krasi se finti la lojbab. joi la
djan.kau,n.
ca la 1989moi nanca gi'e se ningau ca la 1990moi .e la 2001moi\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{0}}.i la xracartu
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ca la 1990moi nanca gi'e se ningau ca la 1992moi .e la
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{0}}.i la bauske se casnu cu se jicmu loi seltcidu poi krasi se vasru
le lu la lojban. mo li'u seltcidu ku'o .e la'e lu xu tu'a la lojban. saske cinri li'u
noi krasi se finti la lojbab. ca la 1992moi nanca
ku'o .e la me la loglan .e la lojban. .i la me la loglan .e la lojban. cu
krasi se finti la djan.kau,n. ca la 1991moi mu'i lenu spuda le pajni prosa befi la .arnold. zuikis.
beife la pamoi pe la loglan. ge'u nefi'e la djeimyz.kuk.braun. zi'epede'i la 1966moi 
.i le la zuikis. pajni prosa cu se gubgau vecu'u le 444moi bi'o 457moi papri be le
45 pi'e 2moi te krefu be le karni
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po'u la \Node%
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{0}}.i mi ckire la pier.aBAT. .e la .arnt.rikard.iuxansen. goi la tsali ge'u .e la xorxes.jambi,as. .e la djez.KOminek. 
.e la rabin.lis.pau,el. .e la stivn.laitl. .e la .adam.reizen. .e la .and.rostas. .e la noras.tanskis.lecevalier. .e la robin.terner.
.e la skat.uelyr. lenu vo'e cu stidi sidju .i le bacru tadji velciksi te ckire la .alfred.titin. goi la .aulun. ge'u .e la filip.niuton. .e la xorxes.jambi,as. \endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
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dei cmacku cu se gubgau la lojbangirz. noi ba'o flalu binxo lo nalselprali ke
saske ja ctuca ke dinterdu'a girzu poi le merko turni cu zanru lenu na
cteki le jdini poi se dunda fi le girzu .i mi cpedu lenu le
cpacu be lemi datni bei xebe'i le skami cu jungau ly. ledu'u se cinri kei
semu'i lenu pelji ja skami mrilu .i ji'a mi cpedu lenu do dunda fi la
lojbangirz. mu'i loinu ly pleji fo loinu vrici sarji
le lojbo cecmu .i le klani be le jdini poi do dunda cu .e'a jai se jdice do
.i ku'i .a'o leni do zanfri la lojban cu banzu lenu do mu'i dunda 
lo vajni ly.
.i ko mu'i lenu do djuno le ca jdima be ledei cukta kei 
cu tcidu la'e le la lojban. skamrxuebe tcana no'u la'o gy.
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(/LOZH-bahn/) is a constructed
language. Originally called \Node%
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\Node%
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{italic}}Scientific
American\endSeq{}\endNode{}, June 1960. Made well-known by that article and by
occasional references in science fiction and computer publications,
Loglan/Lojban has been built over four decades by dozens of workers and
hundreds of supporters, led since 1987 by \Node%
{\def\Element%
{125}}\Link%
{\def\Label%
{llg}}The Logical Language
Group.\endLink{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx4}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endPar{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{128}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}There are many artificial languages, but Loglan/Lojban has been
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{129}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}engineered\endSeq{}\endNode{} to make it unique in several ways. The
following are the main features of Lojban:\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{130}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{131}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{22\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-10\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\fSize%
{8\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{0\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}\def\FieldWidth%
{10\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{132}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}Lojban is designed to be used by people in communication
with each other, and possibly in the future with
computers.\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{133}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{22\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-10\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\fSize%
{8\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{0\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}\def\FieldWidth%
{10\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{134}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}Lojban is designed to be culturally
neutral.\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{135}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{22\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-10\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\fSize%
{8\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{0\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}\def\FieldWidth%
{10\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{136}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}Lojban grammar is based on the principles of
logic.\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{137}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{22\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-10\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\fSize%
{8\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{0\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}\def\FieldWidth%
{10\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{138}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}Lojban has an unambiguous grammar.\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{139}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{22\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-10\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\fSize%
{8\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{0\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}\def\FieldWidth%
{10\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{140}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}Lojban has phonetic spelling, and sounds can be divided into
words in only one way.\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{141}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{22\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-10\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\fSize%
{8\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{0\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}\def\FieldWidth%
{10\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{142}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}Lojban is simple compared to natural languages; it is easy
to learn.\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{143}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{22\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-10\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\fSize%
{8\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{0\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}\def\FieldWidth%
{10\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{144}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}Lojban's 1350 root words can be easily combined to form a
vocabulary of millions of words.\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{145}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{22\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-10\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\fSize%
{8\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{0\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}\def\FieldWidth%
{10\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{146}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}Lojban is regular; the rules of the language don't have
exceptions.\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{147}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{22\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-10\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\fSize%
{8\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{0\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}\def\FieldWidth%
{10\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{148}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}Lojban attempts to remove restrictions on creative and
clear thought and communication.\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{149}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{22\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-10\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\fSize%
{8\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{0\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}\def\FieldWidth%
{10\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{150}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}Lojban has a variety of uses, ranging from creative to
scientific, from theoretical to practical.\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{151}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}The following sections examine each of these points, while answering
the questions most often asked about Lojban.\endPar{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{152}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{153}}\Seq%
{}\Par%
{\def\saNom%
{2.5\p@}\def\saMin%
{2.5\p@}\def\saMax%
{2.5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}2. \endSeq{}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}Why was Lojban developed?\endSeq{}\endSeq{}\endPar{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{155}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Par%
{}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}\endSeq{}Lojban was originally designed to support
research on a concept known as the Sapir\Character{8211}Whorf hypothesis\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx5}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}. Simply
expressed, this hypothesis states that the structure of a language
constrains the thinking of people using that language. Lojban allows the
full expressive capability of a natural language, but differs in structure
from other languages in major ways. This allows it to be used as a test vehicle\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx6}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}
for scientists studying the relationships between language, thought, and
culture. If you are reading this as part of the introductory booklet, further discussion of these issues can be found in the section \Node%
{\def\Element%
{161}}\Link%
{\def\Label%
{sect2title}}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{sect2title}\def\ProcessingMode%
{xref-endterm-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}Technical Descriptions\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endLink{}\endNode{}.\endSeq{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{162}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{163}}\Seq%
{}\Par%
{\def\saNom%
{2.5\p@}\def\saMin%
{2.5\p@}\def\saMax%
{2.5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}3. \endSeq{}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}Are there other uses for Lojban?\endSeq{}\endSeq{}\endPar{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{165}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Par%
{}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}\endSeq{}Yes, several. Due to its unambiguous grammar and simple
structure, it also can be easily parsed\Node%
{\def\Label%
{id7}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} (broken down for analysis) by
computers\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx44}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, making it possible for Lojban to be used in the future for
computer\Character{8211}human interaction\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx8}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, and perhaps conversation. Lojban's
structure is similar to existing artificial intelligence (AI)\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx9}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} programming
languages, and it may become be a most powerful adjunct to AI research,
especially in the storing and processing of data about the world and
people's conceptions of it. There are also linguists interested in Lojban's
potential as an intermediate language in computer-aided translation\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx10}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx11}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx45}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} of
natural languages; and Lojban is of interest as a potential stepping-stone
for students learning other languages. Because Lojban was designed to be
culturally neutral\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx12}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, and has a powerful vocabulary easily learned by people
of different language origins, some are interested in Lojban's potential as
an international language\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx13}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}. These are only the beginnings of the Lojban
applications that will be developed in the future.\endSeq{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{186}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{187}}\Seq%
{}\Par%
{\def\saNom%
{2.5\p@}\def\saMin%
{2.5\p@}\def\saMax%
{2.5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}4. \endSeq{}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}Is Lojban a computer language?\endSeq{}\endSeq{}\endPar{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{189}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Par%
{}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}\endSeq{}Lojban was designed as a \Node%
{\def\Element%
{191}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}human
language\endSeq{}\endNode{}, and not as a computer language. It is therefore
intended for use in conversation, reading, writing, and thinking. However,
since Lojban can be processed by a computer much more easily than can a
natural language, it is only a matter of time before Lojban-based computer
applications\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx46}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} are developed. Learning and using Lojban doesn't require you
to know anything about computers or to talk like one.\endSeq{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{194}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{195}}\Seq%
{}\Par%
{\def\saNom%
{2.5\p@}\def\saMin%
{2.5\p@}\def\saMax%
{2.5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}5. \endSeq{}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}How is Lojban written? How does it
sound?\endSeq{}\endSeq{}\endPar{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{197}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Par%
{}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}\endSeq{}Lojban uses letters of the Roman alphabet to represent its 6
vowels and 17 consonants\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx14}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}. The Lojban character set uses only standard
typewriter/computer keyboard keys; capitalization\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx15}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} is used rarely, and only to
indicate unusual stress in the pronunciation of names. Punctuation\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx16}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} is
spoken as words. The written language corresponds exactly to the sounds of
the spoken language; spelling is phonetic and unambiguous, and the flowing
sounds of the language break down into words in only one possible way. These features make
computer speech recognition and transcription more practical. Learning to
pronounce and spell Lojban is trivial.\endSeq{}\endPar{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{205}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}Lojban has a smooth, rhythmic sound, somewhat like Italian. However,
its consonants create a fullness and power found in Slavic languages like
Russian, and the large number of vowel pairs impart a hint of Chinese,
Polynesian, and other Oriental languages, though without the tones that make
many of those languages difficult for others to learn.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{206}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}Because there are no idioms to shorten expressions, a Lojban text can be
longer than the corresponding colloquial English text. The
unambiguous linguistic structures that result are a major benefit that makes this
worthwhile; and Lojban has constructions of its own that are rather more succinct than their equivalents in English (such as logic-specific formulations, and expressions of attitude.) Moreover, much of the disambiguating machinery of Lojban is optional; you use them only when you \Node%
{\def\Element%
{207}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}need\endSeq{}\endNode{} to use them.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{208}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}As an example of Lojban, Occam's Razor (\Node%
{\def\Element%
{209}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8220}The simplest
explanation is usually the best\Character{8221}\endSeq{}\endNode{}) may be translated as:

\Node%
{\def\Element%
{210}}\Par%
{\def\StartIndent%
{32\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{10\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{211}}\Par%
{\def\StartIndent%
{32\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Lines%
{asis}\def\InputWhitespaceTreatment%
{preserve}\def\Keep%
{page}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{212}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}roda poi velcki cu so'eroi ke ganai saprai gi xagrai\endSeq{}\endNode{}
/row-dah poy VELSH-kee shoo so-heh-roy keh GAH-nye SAHP-rye ghee KHAH-grye/
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{213}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}All somethings which-are explanations mostly-are (if superlatively-simple then superlatively-good).\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}
The apostrophe is pronounced like a short, breathy \Node%
{\def\Element%
{214}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}h\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, and is used to clearly separate the two adjacent
vowels for a listener, without requiring a pause between them.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{215}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}(If you are reading this text in the \Node%
{\def\Element%
{216}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}What is Lojban?\endSeq{}\endNode{} booklet, a full pronunciation key is available in the \Node%
{\def\Element%
{217}}\Link%
{\def\Label%
{overview}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{218}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}Overview of Lojban Grammar\endSeq{}\endNode{}.\endLink{}\endNode{})\endPar{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{219}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{220}}\Seq%
{}\Par%
{\def\saNom%
{2.5\p@}\def\saMin%
{2.5\p@}\def\saMax%
{2.5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}6. \endSeq{}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}What kind of grammar does Lojban have?\endSeq{}\endSeq{}\endPar{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{222}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Par%
{}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{224}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}Grammar\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{} is a word with painful
memories for many of us. But though Lojban grammar seems strange at first
sight, it is actually quite simple. It is based on a system called
predicate logic, which states that in any sentence you have a
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{225}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}relationship\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx17}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx18}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx19}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} (\Node%
{\def\Element%
{240}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{241}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}selbri\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} in Lojban) between one or more
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{242}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}arguments\endSeq{}\endNode{} (\Node%
{\def\Element%
{243}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{244}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}sumti\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{})\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx20}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx21}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}. An argument can be a thing,
event, quality or just about anything.
To give an example, the English sentence

\Node%
{\def\Element%
{254}}\Par%
{\def\StartIndent%
{32\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{10\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{255}}\Par%
{\def\StartIndent%
{32\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Lines%
{asis}\def\InputWhitespaceTreatment%
{preserve}\def\Keep%
{page}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{256}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}Chris adores Pat\endSeq{}\endNode{} \endPar{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}has a relation \Node%
{\def\Element%
{257}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}adore\endSeq{}\endNode{}, between two arguments,
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{258}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}Chris\endSeq{}\endNode{} and \Node%
{\def\Element%
{259}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}Pat\endSeq{}\endNode{}. In Lojban
this would be

\Node%
{\def\Element%
{260}}\Par%
{\def\StartIndent%
{32\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{10\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{261}}\Par%
{\def\StartIndent%
{32\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Lines%
{asis}\def\InputWhitespaceTreatment%
{preserve}\def\Keep%
{page}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{262}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}la kris. prami la pat.\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}or, if you prefer,

\Node%
{\def\Element%
{263}}\Par%
{\def\StartIndent%
{32\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{10\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{264}}\Par%
{\def\StartIndent%
{32\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Lines%
{asis}\def\InputWhitespaceTreatment%
{preserve}\def\Keep%
{page}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{265}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}la kris. la pat. prami\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}(The full stops mean that you have to pause slightly to separate the
words \Character{8212}
anythingelseinLojbancanberuntogetherwithoutbeingmisunderstood). \endSeq{}\endPar{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{266}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}You might be thinking \Node%
{\def\Element%
{267}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8220}Well in that case a relationship is a verb
and an argument is a noun, so why bother with special terminology like
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{268}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{269}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}selbri\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} and
whatnot?\Character{8221}\endSeq{}\endNode{} However, in Lojban Chris's feelings about Pat might be
described like this:

\Node%
{\def\Element%
{270}}\Par%
{\def\StartIndent%
{32\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{10\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{271}}\Par%
{\def\StartIndent%
{32\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Lines%
{asis}\def\InputWhitespaceTreatment%
{preserve}\def\Keep%
{page}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{272}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}la pat. melbi\endSeq{}\endNode{}
Pat is beautiful.\endPar{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{273}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}In English you have a verb (\Node%
{\def\Element%
{274}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}doing word\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{}),
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{275}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}is\endSeq{}\endNode{}, and an adjective (\Node%
{\def\Element%
{276}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}describing word\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{}), \Node%
{\def\Element%
{277}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}beautiful\endSeq{}\endNode{}.
In Turkish, you would say \Node%
{\def\Element%
{278}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}Pat güzel\endSeq{}\endNode{}, which is
a noun and an adjective, with no verb required. In Chinese you would use
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{279}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}meili\endSeq{}\endNode{}, a \Node%
{\def\Element%
{280}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}stative verb\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{}
\Character{8212} but enough! In Lojban you don't need all these language-specific notions. \endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{281}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}Now, if there are no nouns, verbs, subjects or objects in Lojban, how
do we know that \Node%
{\def\Element%
{282}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}la kris. la pat.
prami\endSeq{}\endNode{} means that Chris adores Pat and not the other way?
Different languages handle this problem differently. In English it is done
with word order, and when that isn't enough, with prepositions (words like
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{283}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}at\endSeq{}\endNode{}, \Node%
{\def\Element%
{284}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}from\endSeq{}\endNode{},
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{285}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}to\endSeq{}\endNode{}, \Node%
{\def\Element%
{286}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}with\endSeq{}\endNode{} and so on). In
other languages, like Latin or Turkish, it's done by changing the form of
the words, e.g. \Node%
{\def\Element%
{287}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}Pat'i Chris sever\endSeq{}\endNode{} in Turkish means
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{288}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8220}Chris loves Pat\Character{8221}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, not \Node%
{\def\Element%
{289}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8220}Pat loves Chris.\Character{8221}\endSeq{}\endNode{} \endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{290}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}In Lojban, the order in which arguments appear is built in to the meaning of the word. For example,
the word \Node%
{\def\Element%
{291}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}dunda\endSeq{}\endNode{} means
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{292}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}give\endSeq{}\endNode{}, but its full meaning is:\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{293}}\Par%
{\def\StartIndent%
{32\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{10\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{294}}\Par%
{\def\StartIndent%
{32\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Lines%
{asis}\def\InputWhitespaceTreatment%
{preserve}\def\Keep%
{page}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}x\Node%
{\def\Element%
{295}}\Seq%
{\def\fSize%
{6\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{-3\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}}1\endSeq{}\endNode{} gives x\Node%
{\def\Element%
{296}}\Seq%
{\def\fSize%
{6\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{-3\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}}2\endSeq{}\endNode{} to x\Node%
{\def\Element%
{297}}\Seq%
{\def\fSize%
{6\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{-3\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}}3\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{298}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}So \Node%
{\def\Element%
{299}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}mi pu dunda le cukta le
ninmu\endSeq{}\endNode{} means \Node%
{\def\Element%
{300}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8220}I gave the book to the woman\Character{8221}\endSeq{}\endNode{},
not \Node%
{\def\Element%
{301}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8220}I gave the woman to the book\Character{8221}\endSeq{}\endNode{}). \endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{302}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}The important point is that Lojban has a lot of what we would call
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{303}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}grammar\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, but nearly all of this is contained in
the \Node%
{\def\Element%
{304}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{305}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}cmavo\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx22}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx23}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} (structure
words), and you can use as many or as few of them as you want. \endPar{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{315}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{316}}\Seq%
{}\Par%
{\def\saNom%
{2.5\p@}\def\saMin%
{2.5\p@}\def\saMax%
{2.5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}7. \endSeq{}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}What else is distinctive about Lojban
grammar?\endSeq{}\endSeq{}\endPar{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{318}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Par%
{}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}\endSeq{}In Lojban, it is equally easy to speak of something as being an
action as it is to speak of it as being a state of existence. The distinction between the
two can be ignored, or can be explicitly expressed in a variety of ways:
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{320}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{321}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{22\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-10\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\fSize%
{8\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{0\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}\def\FieldWidth%
{10\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{322}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}by associating concepts
in \Node%
{\def\Element%
{323}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{324}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}tanru\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} metaphors\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx24}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx25}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}
(combinations of \Node%
{\def\Element%
{334}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{335}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}selbri\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} into single expressions giving novel meanings),
involving words like \Node%
{\def\Element%
{336}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}gasnu\endSeq{}\endNode{}
(\Node%
{\def\Element%
{337}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}do\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{}), \Node%
{\def\Element%
{338}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}zasti\endSeq{}\endNode{} (\Node%
{\def\Element%
{339}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}exist\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{}), \Node%
{\def\Element%
{340}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}zukte\endSeq{}\endNode{} (\Node%
{\def\Element%
{341}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}act with
purpose\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{});\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{342}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{22\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-10\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\fSize%
{8\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{0\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}\def\FieldWidth%
{10\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{343}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}with a variety of \Node%
{\def\Element%
{344}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}operators\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{}
(\Node%
{\def\Element%
{345}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{346}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}cmavo\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}) dealing with
abstractions\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx26}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} such as events, states, properties, amounts, ideas,
experience, and truth;\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{349}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{22\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-10\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\fSize%
{8\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{0\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}\def\FieldWidth%
{10\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{350}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}or with four pre-defined varieties of causality\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx27}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}
(others can be developed through \Node%
{\def\Element%
{353}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{354}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}tanru\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} metaphor).\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endPar{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{355}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}A major benefit of using a predicate grammar is that Lojban doesn't
have inflections and declensions on nouns, verbs, and adjectives.
Most natural languages have evolved such variations to reduce ambiguity as
to how words are related in a sentence. Language change has made
these inflections and declensions highly irregular and thus difficult to
learn. Lojban uses the simple but flexible predicate relationship to erase
both the irregularity and the declensions.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{356}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}Tense and location markers (inflections), adverbs, and prepositions
are combined into one part of speech.\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx28}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx29}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} New preposition-like forms can be
built at will from predicates; these allow the user to expand upon a
sentence by attaching and relating arguments not normally included in the
meaning of a word.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{363}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}Numbers and quantifiers\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx30}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx31}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} are conceptually expanded from natural
languages. \Node%
{\def\Element%
{369}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}Many\endSeq{}\endNode{}, \Node%
{\def\Element%
{370}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}enough\endSeq{}\endNode{},
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{371}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}too much\endSeq{}\endNode{}, \Node%
{\def\Element%
{372}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}a few\endSeq{}\endNode{}, and
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{373}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}at least\endSeq{}\endNode{} are among concepts that are expressed as
numbers in Lojban. Thus \Node%
{\def\Element%
{374}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8220}it costs \$3.95\Character{8221}\endSeq{}\endNode{} and \Node%
{\def\Element%
{375}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8220}it costs
too much\Character{8221}\endSeq{}\endNode{} are grammatically identical, and one can talk of being
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{376}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8220}enough-th in line\Character{8221}\endSeq{}\endNode{} for tickets to a sellout movie. Core
concepts of logic, mathematics, and science are built into the root
vocabulary. They enhance discussion of those topics, and are surprisingly
useful in ordinary speech, too.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{377}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}Predicate logic can express a wide variety of human thought; Lojban
also has non-logical constructs that do not affect or obscure the logical
structure, allowing communications that are not amenable to logical
analysis. For example, Lojban has a full set of emotional indicators\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx31a}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, which are similar to such
interjections in English as \Node%
{\def\Element%
{380}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}Oh!\endSeq{}\endNode{},
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{381}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}Aha!\endSeq{}\endNode{}, and \Node%
{\def\Element%
{382}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}Wheee!\endSeq{}\endNode{}, but
each has a specific meaning. Similarly, Lojban has indicators of the
speaker's relationship to what is said (whether it is hearsay, direct observation,
logical deduction, etc.) similar to those found in some Native American
languages.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{383}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}Lojban supports metalinguistic discussion\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx32}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} about the sentences being
spoken while remaining unambiguous. Lojban also supports a
variety of \Node%
{\def\Element%
{386}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}tense\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{} logic that allows one to be extremely
specific about time and space (and space\Character{8211}time) relationships. A substantial portion of
Lojban's grammar is designed to support unambiguous statement of
mathematical expressions\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx33}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx34}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} and relations in a manner compatible both with
international usage and the rest of Lojban's grammar.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{392}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}Lojban \Node%
{\def\Element%
{393}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}parts of speech\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{} are convertible
from one to another by using short structure words (called \Node%
{\def\Element%
{394}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{395}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}cmavo\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{})\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx35}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}. One can make numbers serve as
nouns or verbs, or invent new numbers and prepositions. Lojban removes
many of the constraints on human thought, while preserving tight control on
structural syntax.\endPar{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{400}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{401}}\Seq%
{}\Par%
{\def\saNom%
{2.5\p@}\def\saMin%
{2.5\p@}\def\saMax%
{2.5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}8. \endSeq{}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}Lojban seems complex. How hard is it to
learn?\endSeq{}\endSeq{}\endPar{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{403}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Par%
{}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}\endSeq{}Lojban is actually much simpler than natural languages. It
is only slightly more complex in its grammar than the current generation of computer
languages (such as C++ and Perl). Lojban seems complex only because the
varieties of human thought are complex, and Lojban is designed to minimize
constraints on those thoughts. Lojban text can appear longer and more complex
due to its lack of idiom, its complete explicitness of logical structure, and
most importantly, its unfamiliarity. On the other hand, conversational
speech uses less than half of the possible grammatical structures, leaving
the rest for writing and for other circumstances when one is likely to take
time to carefully formulate exact logical phrasings.\endSeq{}\endPar{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{405}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}Lojban's pronunciation, spelling, word formation, and grammar rules
are fixed, and the language is free of exceptions to these rules. Such
exceptions are the bane of learning to speak a natural language \Node%
{\def\Element%
{406}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}correctly\endSeq{}\endNode{}.
Without the burden of ambiguity, Lojban users
can be precise and specific more easily than in other languages.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{407}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}Because Lojban's grammar is simple, it is easier to learn than other
languages. Using flashcard-like techniques, a working vocabulary 
including the complete set of 1350 root
words can take 8\Character{8211}12 weeks of study at 1 hour per day. It is by no
means uncommon for people who embark on learning Lojban to be able to write
grammatical Lojban within a few days, and to hold at least a limited
conversation within a few weeks. Natural languages, especially English,
take several years to learn to a comparable level
of skill.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{408}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}The available Lojban teaching materials are so structured that you
can learn the language without classroom instruction or
a close community of speakers. Communication practice with others is needed
to achieve fluency, but you can start using the language as you achieve
proficiency.\endPar{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{409}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{410}}\Seq%
{}\Par%
{\def\saNom%
{2.5\p@}\def\saMin%
{2.5\p@}\def\saMax%
{2.5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}9. \endSeq{}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}What do you mean by \Node%
{\def\Element%
{412}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}unambiguous\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{}?\endSeq{}\endSeq{}\endPar{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{413}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Par%
{}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx36}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}Lojban has an unambiguous grammar (proven by computer
analysis of a formal grammar\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx47}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx48}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx49}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}), pronunciation\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx50}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx51}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, and \Node%
{\def\Element%
{430}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}morphology\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx52}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} (word forms).
In practice this means that the person who reads or hears a Lojban sentence
is never in doubt as to what words it contains or what roles they play in
the sentence. This is true even if the words are unfamiliar, so long as the
spelling and grammar rules are known. Lojban has no words that sound alike
but have different meanings (like \Node%
{\def\Element%
{433}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}herd\endSeq{}\endNode{} and
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{434}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}heard\endSeq{}\endNode{}), that have multiple unrelated meanings
(\Node%
{\def\Element%
{435}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}set\endSeq{}\endNode{}), or that differ only in punctuation but
not in sound (like the abominable \Node%
{\def\Element%
{436}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}its\endSeq{}\endNode{} and
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{437}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}it's\endSeq{}\endNode{}). There is never any doubt about where
words begin and end (if you hear \Node%
{\def\Element%
{438}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}cargo
ship\endSeq{}\endNode{}, do you hear two words or three?) Most important, the
function of each word is inescapably clear; there is nothing like the
English sentence \Node%
{\def\Element%
{439}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}Time flies like an arrow\endSeq{}\endNode{}, in which any of
the first three words could be the verb.\endSeq{}\endPar{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{440}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}Lojban is \Node%
{\def\Element%
{441}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}not\endSeq{}\endNode{} entirely unambiguous, of course;
human beings occasionally desire to be ambiguous in their expressions. In
Lojban, this ambiguity is limited to semantics, \Node%
{\def\Element%
{442}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{443}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}tanru\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} metaphor, and intentional
omission of information (ellipsis).\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{444}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}Semantic ambiguity results because words in natural languages
represent families of concepts rather than individual meanings. These
meanings often have only weak semantic relationships to each other (the
English word \Node%
{\def\Element%
{445}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}run\endSeq{}\endNode{} is a good example.) In addition, each individual's personal experiences provide
emotional connotations to words. By providing a fresh, culturally-neutral
start, Lojban attempts to minimize the transference of these associations
as people learn the language. Most Lojban words do not much resemble
corresponding words in other languages; the differences aid in making this
fresh start possible.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{446}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}Lojban's powerful \Node%
{\def\Element%
{447}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{448}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}tanru\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} (combinations of \Node%
{\def\Element%
{449}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{450}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}selbri\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} into novel
concepts) 
and word-building features make it easy to
make fine distinctions between concepts. This discourages the tendency for
individual words to acquire families of meanings. Lojban's
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{451}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{452}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}tanru\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx38}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} metaphors are themselves
ambiguous; they specify a relationship between concepts, but not what the
relationship is. That relationship can be made explicit using unambiguous
logical constructs if necessary, or can be left vague, as the speaker
typically desires. Similarly, portions of the logical structure of a Lojban
expression can be omitted, greatly simplifying the expression while causing
some ambiguity. Unlike in the natural languages, though, this ambiguity is
readily identified by a reader or listener. Thus all ambiguity in Lojban is
constrained and recognizable, and can be clarified as necessary by further
interaction.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{457}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}This precision in no way confines the meaning of a Lojban sentence.
It is possible to be fanciful or ridiculous, to tell lies, or to be
misunderstood. You can be very specific, or you can be intentionally vague.
Your hearer may not understand what you \Node%
{\def\Element%
{458}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}meant\endSeq{}\endNode{}, but
will always understand what you \Node%
{\def\Element%
{459}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}said\endSeq{}\endNode{}.\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx37}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{462}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{463}}\Seq%
{}\Par%
{\def\saNom%
{2.5\p@}\def\saMin%
{2.5\p@}\def\saMax%
{2.5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}10. \endSeq{}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}Can you make jokes in an unambiguous
language?\endSeq{}\endSeq{}\endPar{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{465}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Par%
{}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx39}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}Most humor arises from situation and character and is as
funny in Lojban as in any language. Humor based on word play, of course, is
language-dependent. Lojban has no homonyms, and hence no simple puns; puns
derived from similar sounds are still possible, and have in fact been
attempted (for example in the Lojban translation of \Node%
{\def\Element%
{469}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}Alice in
Wonderland\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx40}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}). Since Lojban will almost always be a second
language, bilingual puns and word play abound, often based on the relative
ambiguity of the other languages involved. Humor based on internal
grammatical ambiguity is of course impossible in Lojban, but humor based on
nonsensical statements, or on logical structures that would be difficult to
clearly express in another language, becomes easier.\endSeq{}\endPar{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{473}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}As speakers become fluent, and conventional phrases come into use,
Lojban will develop its own forms of spoonerisms and subtle puns. Unique
forms of Lojban word-play have already turned up; they exploit the way
small variations in Lojban grammar create unexpected variations in meaning,
and the capability to simply express rather mind-boggling relationships.
Like all word-play, these lose zest when translated into other
languages.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{474}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}Related to humor is the aphorism: the pithy saying that gains
pungency or poignancy from terse, elegant phrasing. Lojban seems as capable
of aphorisms as any language, perhaps more than most; however, because the
language is so young, few such aphorisms have been devised to date.\endPar{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{475}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{476}}\Seq%
{}\Par%
{\def\saNom%
{2.5\p@}\def\saMin%
{2.5\p@}\def\saMax%
{2.5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}11. \endSeq{}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}Isn't Esperanto the \Node%
{\def\Element%
{478}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}international
language\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{}?\endSeq{}\endSeq{}\endPar{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{479}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Par%
{}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx41}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx43}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}There have been hundreds of artificial international languages
developed, of which Esperanto is the most successful and widely known.
Esperanto, like most other such languages, was based on European languages
in both grammar and vocabulary. Although it manages to be relatively neutral
between them, it still retains an inherent cultural bias which makes it
unsuited for most of the purposes that Lojban was designed for.\endSeq{}\endPar{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{485}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}Lojban is culturally fully neutral. Its vocabulary was built
algorithmically using today's six most widely spoken languages: Chinese,
Hindi, English, Russian, Spanish, and Arabic. Lojban's words thus show
roots in three major families of languages spoken by most of the world's
people. Lojban's grammar accommodates structures found in non-European
languages, and uses sounds found in many of the world's languages. Coupled
with the potential computer applications\Node%
{\def\Label%
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{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} that will make Lojban a useful
language to know, Lojban's potential as an
international language may be more far-reaching than Esperanto's.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{1}}Lojban was not designed primarily to be an international language,
however, but rather as a linguistic tool for studying and understanding language.
Its linguistic and computer applications make Lojban unique among proposed
international languages: Lojban can be successful without
immediately being accepted and adopted everywhere, and Lojban can be useful
and interesting even to those skeptical of or hostile towards the
international language movement.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{1}}Since Lojban is also not in direct competition with Esperanto,
it has proven attractive to Esperantists
interested in acquiring a new perspective on their own international
language, and who feel less threatened because Lojban has different goals.

Lojban's supporters recognize that it will take decades for Lojban to
acquire both the number and variety of speakers and the extensive history
of usage that marks Esperanto culture. Meanwhile, each language community
has much to learn from the other; this process is already
well underway.\endPar{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{1}}\Par%
{}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}\endSeq{}English is commonly used as an \Node%
{\def\Element%
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{}\Character{8216}international
language\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{} in the fields of science and technology, and is probably
the most widely spoken language in the world. American dominance of
technology in the twentieth century has caused massive borrowing from English into
other languages that do not have words for all these new concepts. This
dominance, and a heritage of colonialism and imperialism that has built
resentment towards American and European impositions on native cultures, has
caused recent movements in other countries \Node%
{\def\Element%
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{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}away\endSeq{}\endNode{} from
English. The rising influence of other non\Character{8211}English-speaking countries on world
economics, science, and technology makes further declines in the
universality of English likely.\endSeq{}\endPar{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
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{1}}In addition, many who know English as a second language speak it only
minimally, though they may be able to read or understand many words. India
is a prominent example of a country where English is the only language more
or less understood throughout the country, which has about 1500 languages
and dialects; but the English spoken in India is often unintelligible to
Americans or Britons. In fact, English is one of the most
difficult languages to learn to use well. In countries where English is spoken
along with other languages, it has been adapted into dialects which match
the local culture and borrow words from the other local languages. Some of
these dialects are as much as 70\% unintelligible to American or British
speakers, or to each other. As such, there is no single English language to
call an \Node%
{\def\Element%
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{}\Character{8216}international\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{} one.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
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{1}}Lojban is a single language, with design features to discourage
breaking up into separate languages. While it was developed primarily by Americans, and
was designed to be at least as expressive as English is, Lojban's cultural neutrality gives
equal priority to the structures and concepts of other languages and
cultures. This cultural neutrality enhances Lojban's acceptability as an
international language. Since it is as capable as English is of generating or borrowing
any words needed to support the concepts of science and technology, 
and has special advantages for computer applications\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx43a}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, Lojban is likely to
spread worldwide through the technological community. Far more so than
English, Lojban is simple and easy to learn for people of all
cultures.\Node%
{\def\Label%
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{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
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{\def\Element%
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{}\Par%
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{bold}}Can poetry be written in a \Node%
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{}\Character{8216}logical\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{}
language or an \Node%
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{}\Character{8216}unambiguous\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{} one?\endSeq{}\endSeq{}\endPar{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{1}}\Par%
{}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}\endSeq{}Original poetry\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx55a}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} has already been written in Lojban, and some has been
translated into the language. Lojban's powerful \Node%
{\def\Element%
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{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{514}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}tanru\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} metaphor structure\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx56}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} allows
you to build concepts into words easily, as you need them, and has
been used to create colorful
images and to convey moving emotions. A Lojban speaker
doesn't need a dictionary to use and understand millions of words that can
potentially exist in the language. The absence of cultural constraints
makes consideration of new ideas and relationships easier than in natural
languages, spurring creativity. Lojban aids in communicating abstractions
by identifying their nature explicitly. Lojban is thus a very powerful
language, not only for poetry, but for discussing such abstract fields as
philosophy, physics, metaphysics, and religion.\endSeq{}\endPar{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
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{1}}Lojban poets are already experimenting with new (and old) forms of
poetry that seem especially well suited to the rhythm, sound, and flow of
the language. Rarely do poets have such an opportunity
to affect the development of a new language as they now can with Lojban.
Lojban's rich and powerful. Lojban unleashes the full potential of
poetic expression to communicate both concrete and abstract ideas.\endPar{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{520}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
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{}\Par%
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{bold}}How was Lojban developed?\endSeq{}\endSeq{}\endPar{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{10\p@}\def\saMin%
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{1}}\Par%
{}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}\endSeq{}The language, then called \Node%
{\def\Element%
{525}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}Loglan\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
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{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, was
first described in the 1950s by Dr. James Cooke Brown\Node%
{\def\Label%
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{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}. The 1960 Scientific
American article \Node%
{\def\Element%
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{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}Loglan\endSeq{}\endNode{} was his call for assistance
in developing the language. A revolution in linguistics was simultaneously
taking place, resulting in a rapidly increasing knowledge of the nature of
human language; this changed the requirements for the developing language.
The first widely distributed Loglan dictionary and language description did
not appear until 1975; the incompleteness of this description and continued
development work discouraged people from learning the language.
Furthermore, computers caught up with Loglan just then, making it possible
to refine the grammar, eliminate ambiguity and mathematically prove its
absence. For over forty years, this work has been performed by volunteers, and
without financial support. Now, after several versions of the language,
people have been learning and using the current version, which is the first to be
called \Node%
{\def\Element%
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{}\Character{8216}Lojban\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{} (from the roots
\Node%
{\def\Element%
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{}\Character{8220}logical-language\Character{8221}\endSeq{}\endNode{} in Lojban).\endSeq{}\endPar{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
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{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
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{1}}This version is the first version with a stable vocabulary, and the
first to have a stable and completely defined grammar. The stabilization of
the language in this version has followed a painstaking and extensive
period of research and analysis, between 1988 and 1998. Thus, in an
important sense, Lojban is a very new language. To ensure Lojban remains
stable while people learn it, the language definition is being closely
controlled; the grammar and core vocabulary have already been baselined\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx58}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} (frozen)
for several years. When the number of speakers has grown significantly, and
a Lojban literature has developed, Lojban will be treated like a natural
language and allowed to grow and flourish without constraint, as do other
natural languages.\endPar{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{536}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{537}}\Seq%
{}\Par%
{\def\saNom%
{2.5\p@}\def\saMin%
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{1}}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
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{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}How many people speak Lojban?\endSeq{}\endSeq{}\endPar{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{10\p@}\def\saMax%
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{1}}\Par%
{}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx59}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}Questions of how many people speak a language greatly depend on your
presuppositions and definitions \Character{8212} which a language like Lojban, at
least, can make explicit! The on-line Lojban mailing list\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx60}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, which
constitutes the largest community of people using the language, has over
200 subscribers, with well over 20 regular posters as of this writing. The
level of confidence of the language community has already risen to such a
level that there is a Lojban-language\Character{8211}only discussion group, as well as
the general mailing list. Lojban has also been used extensively in
real-time conversation, both electronically (IRC) and face-to-face. Though
the Lojban-speaking community is so widely diffused that the opportunity
for conversation does not arise frequently, the number of Lojbanists who
can sustain a conversation in the language certainly ranges beyond what can
be counted on the fingers of one hand, and is steadily increasing. Lojban
has been proven in communicative use for well over a decade, and the range
and expressivity of the language is being continually explored by the
language community.\endSeq{}\endPar{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
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{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
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{1}}The first speakers of Lojban have a unique opportunity. They are the
history-makers who will shape the flavor of the first totally new language
to achieve broad speakability. Their ideas will be most influential in
setting the patterns of usage that others will learn from. Their
experiences will teach things about language that have never before been
learned \Character{8212} or learnable.\endPar{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{547}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{548}}\Seq%
{}\Par%
{\def\saNom%
{2.5\p@}\def\saMin%
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{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}Why should I learn Lojban?\endSeq{}\endSeq{}\endPar{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{1}}\Par%
{}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}\endSeq{}There are several reasons for learning the language now. Those who
are working with the language now are actively consulted for their opinions
on how to teach and spread the language. Within a few weeks of work
learning from the materials already written, you will
be able to work with those who have already started. You will be a
significant part of this small but rapidly growing community. You will
receive personal attention to any problems you have with the language
from those leading the effort. If you are truly ambitious and committed to
the language, you are welcome to join in that leadership.\endSeq{}\endPar{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
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{1}}Those with a computer background who learn the language now will be
the leaders in developing the earliest practical computer applications\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx54}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} for
the language. Meanwhile, computer-oriented Lojbanists can also aid in
developing computer-aided instruction tools or converting existing software
to run on new computers.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{1}}People not interested in computers will also find Lojban a valuable
language. You may be interested in the Sapir\Character{8211}Whorf hypothesis\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx61}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, and in
the scientific tests to be planned and conducted, or in other
language-related research. You may be interested in Lojban's potential as
an international language, and in the attempts to use the language to reach
across cultural boundaries.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{558}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
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{1}}Regardless of your background, you will find learning Lojban to be a
mind-expanding experience. Learning any language other than your native
tongue broadens your perspectives and allows you to transcend the necessarily limited
viewpoints of your native language's culture. Lojban, being simpler to
learn than natural languages, provides this benefit much more quickly than
does the study of other languages. And being quite different from natural languages,
Lojban provides this benefit more directly.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{559}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
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{1}}Having learned Lojban, you will find it easier to learn other
languages and to communicate with people from other backgrounds, regardless
of the language studied; the linguistic principles you learn while learning
Lojban are applicable to these languages and the communication problems they entail. The
logical organization embedded in Lojban will aid you in organizing and
clarifying your thoughts. Your new perspective on language,
ambiguity, and communication will allow you to express those thoughts more
clearly, even when you use an ambiguous natural language.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
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{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
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{1}}You needn't learn Lojban for any practical purpose, however. Many, if
not most, of those who are learning Lojban are doing so because it is fun.
Learning Lojban is intellectually stimulating, providing human interaction
(a way to meet other people and get to know them) and mental challenge.
Lojban has all the benefits of games designed for entertainment, with the
side benefit of that entertainment developing into a useful skill.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{1}}Learning Lojban as an intellectual toy
means that you can get enjoyment from learning Lojban without anywhere near
the effort needed to benefit from studying other languages. While becoming
fluent in Lojban will probably take hundreds of hours over several months,
you can feel some sense of accomplishment in the language after just a
couple of hours of study. You can use Lojban immediately for fun, while
gaining skill with greater experience.\endPar{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{1}}\Par%
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{bold}}\endSeq{}This text appears in a booklet including a description of the grammar of Lojban and some
introductory learning materials.  If you are reading this text in a
separately printed brochure, you may write to the Logical Language
Group\Node%
{\def\Label%
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{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} at the address found at the end of this brochure, and we
will be happy to provide the complete booklet.  We request a
contribution of \$5 to cover its cost.\endSeq{}\endPar{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{569}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
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{1}}If you are reading this brochure on-line, or have access to the
Internet, the complete \Node%
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{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}What is Lojban?\endSeq{}\endNode{} booklet is also available on the World Wide
Web for free at the address:\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{1}}\Node%
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{}\Seq%
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{\def\Element%
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{9\p@}}http://www.lojban.org/publications/level0.html\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endSeq{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{1}}Once you have read this booklet, there are several
directions you may proceed, depending on your goals for use of the language.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{1}}Most people learning the language will work for some time on their
own before working with others. We recommend, where possible, that you
identify at least one other person to study and interact with, either in
person or by mail. The Logical Language Group maintains lists of Lojban
students of various degrees of skill and activity levels. There is also
both a general and an in-Lojban discussion group available on the Internet.
Information will be found at the end of this document.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{1}}Almost any use you wish to make of Lojban requires some degree of
mastery of the basic vocabulary. You can learn enough Lojban grammar to
support conversation in just a couple of hours, but you will need
vocabulary in order to use that grammar.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{1}}You can learn the Lojban vocabulary using computer software. The
Logical Language Group has computer-aided\Character{8211}teaching programs
distributed under the name \Node%
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{italic}}LogFlash\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, with MS-DOS/Windows, Macintosh and Unix
versions currently available. The software is based on flash-card teaching
techniques, which are extremely efficient in helping you learn the
vocabulary. Other computer software is available, including a parser and a
glosser.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{1}}You can learn the Lojban grammar in several ways, including by
studying the examples in our on-line text archives and mailing
lists, and by going through the formal grammar\Node%
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description. (The formal grammars are available in two
formats, \Node%
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{1}}An introduction to the grammar of Lojban will be found in \Node%
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Lojban?\endSeq{}\endNode{} booklet. There is also a set of introductory
lessons available (these cover the basics of the language, but at a more
leisurely pace): \Node%
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{italic}}Lojban for Beginners\endSeq{}\endNode{}, by Robin Turner and Nick Nicholas. A complete grammatical
description of Lojban, \Node%
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{italic}}The Complete Lojban Language\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
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by John W. Cowan, was published by the Logical Language Group in 1997. This
is an authoritative reference, and can be used as an aid to learning the advanced
features of the language.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{1}}A formal Lojban dictionary is being
compiled, and will encompass the word lists already available from the
Logical Language Group as of this writing. Draft versions of the dictionary
are available on the Lojban web site (see contact details below).\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{597}}\Par%
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{1}}Of course the only way to really learn a language is to
\Node%
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{598}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}use\endSeq{}\endNode{} it. The Logical Language Group will assist you in
finding other Lojban students of comparable skill level and interests,
either in your local area or reachable by post or electronic mail. The
on-line Lojban discussion groups regularly contain Lojban text, some with
detailed translations and some without translation, as well as discussions
of language points by various members of the Lojban community. There is also a
discussion group specifically for beginners as of this writing. Of course
the best way to use the language is to recruit friends and associates into
studying and using the language with you. Even if they are not interested
in the same language goals as you are, the \Node%
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{}\Character{8216}hobbyist\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{} aspect of the language will provide
interesting and stimulating entertainment for all concerned.\endPar{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{1}}\Par%
{}\Seq%
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{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}The Logical Language Group, Inc. is a non-profit organization, the
embodiment of the Loglan/Lojban community. We were founded to complete the
language development process, to develop and publish teaching materials, to
organize and teach the community, to promote applications of Lojban, and to
initiate and lead research efforts in linguistics, language education, and
other areas related to Lojban. Simply put, our purpose is to serve you in
all manner of things Lojbanic. The Logical Language Group is not affiliated
with The Loglan Institute, Inc., the organization founded by James Cooke
Brown.\endSeq{}\endPar{}\Node%
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{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
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{1}\def\saNom%
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{1}}The Logical Language Group is also called \Node%
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{0}}la lojbangirz.\endSeq{}\endNode{} (\Node%
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lozh-BAHN-geerz./\endSeq{}\endNode{}), its Lojban name. It was founded informally
in 1987, and incorporated in 1988. The U.S. Internal Revenue Service
approved our status as a non-profit educational/scientific charity in 1989,
making donations and grants to the organization deductible under U.S. tax
law.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{610}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
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{start}\def\Hyphenate%
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{1}}Loglan/Lojban has been developed almost totally by volunteer labor
and small donations of money. Lojban attracts people who are willing to
devote a lot of time and effort to seeing their dreams become reality.
Thus, our only income has been money derived from sales of our
publications, and donations from interested supporters.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{611}}\Par%
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{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
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{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
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{1}}The Logical Language Group publishes and sells printed materials on Lojban. 
All language definition
information is considered in the public domain, and most Logical Language
Group publications are distributed under a policy which allows
not-for-charge copying and redistribution. Computer versions of many of our
publications are available on-line at no charge. We ask people who receive
our materials by any of these means to let us know,
so that we may better serve you, and donate
liberally, so that we may continue to serve you.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{612}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
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{1}\def\saNom%
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{1}}Most materials that we sell require either prior payment, an informal
commitment to pay on your part, or your statement that you cannot afford to
pay for materials (in which case our supplying these materials is at our
discretion). We attempt to flexibly support Lojbanists who have financial
constraints, and will accept reasonable offers of reduced or delayed
payments subject to our financial condition, given your commitment
to actively maintain contact and involvement with the community.
Obviously, the level of your prior and current activity and any commitments
you make to learning the language, or to volunteer work for \Node%
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{0}}la lojbangirz.\endSeq{}\endNode{}, will be factored into our
decision.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
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{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
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{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
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{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{615}}\Seq%
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{0}}la lojbangirz.\endSeq{}\endNode{} has a
special commitment to support Lojbanists outside the U.S., because so many of the
language goals are dependent on building an international community of
speakers, and because we recognize the difficulties caused by the
international currency market and the relative wealth of nations. We can
accept bank cheques in most currencies and international payment via 
PayPal. We also encourage people to form groups so that they can receive a single copy
of our materials, copying or passing them to others to keep the per-person
costs low. We expect a lower standard of contact and contribution
from overseas Lojbanists when deciding whether to continue sending our
materials at reduced or no charge.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{616}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
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{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
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{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
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{1}}We ask all recipients of our materials to help us financially in any
way you can. The Logical Language Group needs your gifts for support of the
Loglan/Lojban project. Artificial languages are historically not
self-sustaining financially, and have difficulty receiving outside support. The
Logical Language Group, Inc. is prohibited by its bylaws from spending more
than 15\% of its expenses for administrative purposes, except by special
agreement with a donor who agrees to cover such added costs in full.\endPar{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{617}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
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{}\Par%
{\def\saNom%
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community?\endSeq{}\endSeq{}\endPar{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{10\p@}\def\saMax%
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{1}}\Par%
{}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
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{bold}}\endSeq{}The Logical Language Group coordinates and promotes
activities involving Lojban and the Lojban community. In that role, it
publishes materials enabling people to learn the language, and facilitates
their forming a community of speakers. Most people involved with Lojban
stay informed by checking our web page or participating in the Lojban
mailing lists (see contact details below). The Logical Language Group also publishes newsletters and journals, including both general news, aimed at those not actively
involved in learning and using the language, and more specific material, including discussions of features of the language,
debates on research issues and applications, letters from the community and
responses, and Lojban writings and translations.\endSeq{}\endPar{}\Node%
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{1}}Our printed publications are free of advertisements (other than our own
ordering information, and occasional mention of individuals and
organizations who have contributed particular service to our efforts); and
we do not sell our mailing list. Our publications are distributed as
cheaply as possible to encourage new people to participate. In the interest
of attracting the widest audience possible, we are committed to
distributing as much material as possible using the \Node%
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{}\Character{8216}open source\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{} concept for computer software and a
similar policy for printed publications. This policy retains our copyrights
but allows you, with relatively few restrictions, to copy our materials
for your friends.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{624}}\Par%
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{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
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{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
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{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
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{1}}Certain materials that we publish contain information that we place
in the public domain. \Node%
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{bold}}All language definition information is considered to
be public.\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
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{1}\def\saNom%
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{1}}If you are attempting to learn the language, we will provide as much help
as we can to assist you. We will put you in touch with
Lojbanists who might be interested in studying or communicating with you in
the language. You can also send your writings to us for review, or for
indirect exchange with others. We try to foster research and social
interaction among those who are learning, or who have already learned the
language. We aid such people in organizing, leading, and teaching formal
classes and study groups, and will sponsor affiliated groups in local areas
where non-profit sponsorship can be of benefit. We conduct an
annual celebration of the language and community (July or August), called
\Node%
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business meeting in the Washington DC area. We also expect to support other
local meetings and gatherings as the community grows.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{5\p@}\def\saMin%
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{1}}Of course, we also try to publicize the language. Our representatives
can attend meetings to give presentations on the language. We distribute 
informational material, including these
booklets. Through our efforts, and with your help, the community of
Lojbanists is rapidly growing.\Node%
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{bold}}\endSeq{}You can become involved in the Lojban project in a variety
of ways, depending on your background and interests, and on your available
time:\endSeq{}\endPar{}\Node%
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{1}}\Node%
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{\def\StartIndent%
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non\Character{8211}English-speaking cultures by helping translate materials into
other languages, and by identifying, recruiting, and communicating with
contacts in other countries (international involvement is vital to ensuring
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{1}}For many of these activities, you need to learn the language first.
However, even those who haven't yet had time to learn the language
can assist in recruiting and
contributing ideas to the effort.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{1}}Helping to publicize the language, of course, does not take a lot of
time, or necessarily even knowing the language. Talk to friends, relatives
and colleagues. We will gladly provide copies of this brochure on
request. Lojban tends to sell itself; people who learn of it are more often than not
intrigued by it.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{1}}Keep in touch with us. We want to know your ideas and opinions on the
language, on our various activities, and on our products. We welcome open
debate on the language, and have even printed and made available
writings that are critical of various aspects of our efforts, when they are
of sufficient general interest. Open debate aids in understanding and
improves the overall quality of the language and of our presentation of it
to the world. Much of the language design is now complete, and the Logical Language
Group is committed to maintaining a stable version of the language. Nonetheless,
we would rather hear criticism now within our
community and either correct our problems or prepare an adequate response,
than do so later when such issues are raised by outsiders.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{1}}In short, Lojban is a product of \Node%
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{1}}Of course, the most important thing you can do is:\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
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need creative people to write Lojban prose, poetry, and dialog. We need
translations made from fiction, technical literature, from religious and
philosophical writings, and from music. \Node%
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{bold}}\endSeq{}We have several volunteers who serve to coordinate Lojban activities
in specific regions of the world. There is also a limited amount of Lojban
materials translated into languages other than English. This support is
constantly being added to; please contact us for details.\endSeq{}\endPar{}\Node%
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{1}}The Logical Language Group's website, which contains all its publicly
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Lojban list is \Node%
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{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\FieldWidth%
{20\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}} \endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{774}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}the structure of words\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{775}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{776}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{777}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}Semantics\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{778}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{32\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-20\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\FieldWidth%
{20\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}} \endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{779}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}the meanings of words, sentences, and expressions\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{780}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{781}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{782}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}Grammar\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{783}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{32\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-20\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\FieldWidth%
{20\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}} \endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{784}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}the ways in which words may be put together\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{785}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}For many special terms, we will give a definition, and then the
Lojban word for the concept. The Lojban words are then used, to avoid
confusion due to the various meanings of the English jargon words. The
Lojban words are also what is used in other publications about the
language. \endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{orthog}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{}\HeadPar%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{bold}\def\fPosture%
{upright}\def\fSize%
{14.4\p@}\def\LineSpacing%
{18.72\p@}\def\LineSpacingFactor%
{0}\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\HeadingLevel%
{2}\def\sbNom%
{10.8\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10.8\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10.8\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{7.2\p@}\def\saMin%
{7.2\p@}\def\saMax%
{7.2\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{787}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}Orthography\endNode{}\def\HeadingText{%
Orthography}%
\endHeadPar{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{787}}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{788}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idxorthography}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{791}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}Lojban uses the Roman alphabet, consisting of the following letters and symbols:

\Node%
{\def\Element%
{794}}\Par%
{\def\StartIndent%
{32\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{10\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{795}}\Par%
{\def\StartIndent%
{32\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Lines%
{asis}\def\InputWhitespaceTreatment%
{preserve}\def\Keep%
{page}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{796}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}' , . a b c d e f g i j k l m n o p r s t u v x y z \endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}omitting the letters \Node%
{\def\Element%
{797}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}h\endSeq{}\endNode{},
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{798}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}q\endSeq{}\endNode{}, and \Node%
{\def\Element%
{799}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}w\endSeq{}\endNode{}. The three
special characters are \Node%
{\def\Element%
{800}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}not\endSeq{}\endNode{} punctuation:

\Node%
{\def\Element%
{801}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{802}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{22\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-10\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
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{\def\fSize%
{8\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{0\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}\def\FieldWidth%
{10\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{803}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}The apostrophe\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx100}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
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{\def\Element%
{806}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{22\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-10\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\fSize%
{8\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{0\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}\def\FieldWidth%
{10\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{807}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}The period\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx101}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} is an
optional reminder to the reader, representing a mandatory pause dictated by
the rules of the language. Such pauses can be of any duration, and are part
of the \Node%
{\def\Element%
{810}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}morphology\endSeq{}\endNode{}, or word formation rules, and not
the grammar.\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{811}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{22\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-10\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\fSize%
{8\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{0\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}\def\FieldWidth%
{10\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{812}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}The comma\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx102}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} is used to indicate a syllable break within a word,
generally one that is not obvious to the reader.\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}The alphabet order given
above is that of the ASCII symbol set, most widely used in computers for
sorting and searching.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{815}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}Lojban does not require capitalization\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx103}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} of any word type, including
proper names, and such capitalization is discouraged. Capital letters are
used instead to indicate non-standard stress in pronunciation of Lojbanized names.
Thus the English name \Node%
{\def\Element%
{818}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}Josephine\endSeq{}\endNode{}, as normally
pronounced, is Lojbanized as \Node%
{\def\Element%
{819}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}DJOsefin\endSeq{}\endNode{}, pronounced /JO,seh,feen/. Without
the capitalization, Lojban stress rules would force the /seh/ syllable to
be stressed.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{820}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}Lojban's alphabet and pronunciation rules bring about what is called
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{821}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}audio-visual isomorphism\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx104}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}. There is not only a unique symbol to represent each sound of Lojban, but also a
single correct way to separate the sounds of continuous Lojban speech into words. Similarly, a 
Lojban text may be read off sound by sound, using pronunciation
and stress rules, to form an unambiguous uttered expression. Spelling in Lojban is
thus trivial to learn.\Node%
{\def\Element%
{824}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{phonol}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{}\HeadPar%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{bold}\def\fPosture%
{upright}\def\fSize%
{14.4\p@}\def\LineSpacing%
{18.72\p@}\def\LineSpacingFactor%
{0}\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\HeadingLevel%
{2}\def\sbNom%
{10.8\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10.8\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10.8\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{7.2\p@}\def\saMin%
{7.2\p@}\def\saMax%
{7.2\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{826}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}Phonology\endNode{}\def\HeadingText{%
Phonology}%
\endHeadPar{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{826}}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{827}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idxphonology}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}Each Lojban sound is uniquely assigned to a single letter, or
combination of letters. Each letter is defined to have a particular
set of possible pronunciations, such that there is no overlap between letter sounds.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{830}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}Most of the consonants are pronounced exactly as they are most commonly pronounced in English. The following
gives English and Lojban examples for these.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{831}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{32\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{20\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fSize%
{9\p@}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fPosture%
{upright}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\LineSpacing%
{11.7\p@}\def\LineSpacingFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{832}}\Par%
{\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{bold}}Note: \endSeq{}In the following examples, the English word and the Lojban 
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{\def\Element%
{833}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
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{\def\Element%
{834}}\Par%
{\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{835}}\HeadPar%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{bold}\def\fSize%
{12\p@}\def\LineSpacing%
{15.6\p@}\def\LineSpacingFactor%
{0}\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\HeadingLevel%
{4}\def\sbNom%
{9\p@}\def\sbMin%
{9\p@}\def\sbMax%
{9\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{6\p@}\def\saMin%
{6\p@}\def\saMax%
{6\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}Unvoiced\def\HeadingText{%
Unvoiced}%
\endHeadPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{836}}\Seq%
{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{837}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\LineSpacing%
{13\p@}\def\LineSpacingFactor%
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{\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
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{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{838}}\Table%
{\def\DisplayAlignment%
{start}\def\Keep%
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{\def\Width%
{0\p@}\def\WidthFactor%
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{\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}\def\Width%
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{\def\ColumnIndex%
{2}\def\Width%
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{\def\ColumnIndex%
{3}\def\Width%
{0\p@}\def\WidthFactor%
{0}}\insertTableColumn%
{\def\ColumnIndex%
{4}\def\Width%
{0\p@}\def\WidthFactor%
{0}}\TeXTable%
{456\p@}{5}{L{32.571\p@}L{65.142\p@}L{97.714\p@}L{97.714\p@}L{162.857\p@}}%
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{\def\Element%
{844}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{844}}\TableRow%
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{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{847}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}p\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
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{medium}\def\Quadding%
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{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
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{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
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{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
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{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
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{\def\Element%
{850}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
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{\def\Element%
{851}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
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{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
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{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{924}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}v\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
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{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}/v/\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
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{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
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{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
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{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{2}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{927}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{928}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}v\endSeq{}\endNode{}oice\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
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{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
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{0}\def\EndIndent%
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{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
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{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
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{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{930}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{931}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}v\endSeq{}\endNode{}oksa\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{4}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}/VOAK,sah/\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
\endTableRow{}%
\TableRow%
{}\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{935}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}d\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
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{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}/d/\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{2}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{938}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{939}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}d\endSeq{}\endNode{}ance\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{3}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{941}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{942}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}d\endSeq{}\endNode{}ansu\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
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{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{4}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}/DAHN,soo/\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
\endTableRow{}%
\TableRow%
{}\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{946}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}z\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}/z/\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
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{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{2}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{949}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{950}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}z\endSeq{}\endNode{}inc\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{3}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{952}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{953}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}z\endSeq{}\endNode{}inki\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{4}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}/ZEEN,kee/\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
\endTableRow{}%
\TableRow%
{}\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{957}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}g\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}/g/\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{2}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{960}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{961}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}g\endSeq{}\endNode{}oose\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{3}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{963}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{964}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}g\endSeq{}\endNode{}unse\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{4}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}/GOON,seh/\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
\endTableRow{}\endNode{}\endNode{}%
\TablePartFooter%
{}\endTablePartFooter{}\endTeXTable{}%
\endTablePart{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\endNode{}%
\endTable{}%
\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{966}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}Incidentally, for these examples, the Lojban example is a close
equivalent of the English example used, showing that some words in Lojban
are very similar to their English counterparts. In the pronunciation
guides, note the conventions of capitalizing stressed syllables and of
separating syllables with commas. These conventions could optionally be used in the
Lojban words themselves, but are not necessary.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{967}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}In the above examples, the consonants in the first table
are called \Node%
{\def\Element%
{968}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}unvoiced 
consonants\endSeq{}\endNode{}, because they are spoken without
voicing them using the vocal folds. The
consonants in the second table are their \Node%
{\def\Element%
{969}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}voiced\endSeq{}\endNode{}
equivalents.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{970}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}When a consonant is made by touching the tongue so as to block air
passage, it is called a \Node%
{\def\Element%
{971}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}stop\endSeq{}\endNode{} (\Node%
{\def\Element%
{972}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}p, b, t, d,
k, g\endSeq{}\endNode{}). If the blockage is incomplete, and air rubs between
the tongue and the roof of the mouth, it is called a
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{973}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}fricative\endSeq{}\endNode{} (\Node%
{\def\Element%
{974}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}f, v, s,
z\endSeq{}\endNode{}). For example, \Node%
{\def\Element%
{975}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}k\endSeq{}\endNode{} is
an unvoiced stop in the back of the mouth. Its unvoiced fricative
equivalent is \Node%
{\def\Element%
{976}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}x\endSeq{}\endNode{}, which is
rarely found in English (the Scottish \Node%
{\def\Element%
{977}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}loch\endSeq{}\endNode{}, as in
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{978}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}Loch Ness monster\endSeq{}\endNode{}, is an example).\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{979}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\LineSpacing%
{13\p@}\def\LineSpacingFactor%
{0}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{980}}\Table%
{\def\DisplayAlignment%
{start}\def\Keep%
{true}\def\TableWidth%
{full}}\TablePart%
{}\insertTableColumn%
{\def\Width%
{0\p@}\def\WidthFactor%
{0}}\insertTableColumn%
{\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}\def\Width%
{0\p@}\def\WidthFactor%
{0}}\insertTableColumn%
{\def\ColumnIndex%
{2}\def\Width%
{0\p@}\def\WidthFactor%
{0}}\insertTableColumn%
{\def\ColumnIndex%
{3}\def\Width%
{0\p@}\def\WidthFactor%
{0}}\insertTableColumn%
{\def\ColumnIndex%
{4}\def\Width%
{0\p@}\def\WidthFactor%
{0}}\TeXTable%
{456\p@}{5}{L{35.076\p@}L{70.153\p@}L{105.23\p@}L{105.23\p@}L{140.307\p@}}%
\TablePartHeader%
{}\endTablePartHeader{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{986}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{986}}\TableRow%
{}\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{989}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}x\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}/kh/\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{2}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{992}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}lo\Node%
{\def\Element%
{993}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}ch\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{3}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{995}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}lal\Node%
{\def\Element%
{996}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}x\endSeq{}\endNode{}u\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{4}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}/LAHL,khoo/\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
\endTableRow{}%
\TableRow%
{}\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}} \endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}} \endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{2}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Character{8212}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{3}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1003}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1004}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}x\endSeq{}\endNode{}riso\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{4}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}/KHREE,so/\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
\endTableRow{}\endNode{}\endNode{}%
\TablePartFooter%
{}\endTablePartFooter{}\endTeXTable{}%
\endTablePart{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\endNode{}%
\endTable{}%
\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1006}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}Two other fricatives are \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1007}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}c\endSeq{}\endNode{} and \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1008}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}j\endSeq{}\endNode{}. \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1009}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}c\endSeq{}\endNode{} is the unvoiced /sh/ sound that
is usually represented by two letters in English. \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1010}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}j\endSeq{}\endNode{} is its voiced
equivalent, rarely occurring alone in English (but see below).\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1011}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\LineSpacing%
{13\p@}\def\LineSpacingFactor%
{0}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1012}}\Table%
{\def\DisplayAlignment%
{start}\def\Keep%
{true}\def\TableWidth%
{full}}\TablePart%
{}\insertTableColumn%
{\def\Width%
{0\p@}\def\WidthFactor%
{0}}\insertTableColumn%
{\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}\def\Width%
{0\p@}\def\WidthFactor%
{0}}\insertTableColumn%
{\def\ColumnIndex%
{2}\def\Width%
{0\p@}\def\WidthFactor%
{0}}\insertTableColumn%
{\def\ColumnIndex%
{3}\def\Width%
{0\p@}\def\WidthFactor%
{0}}\insertTableColumn%
{\def\ColumnIndex%
{4}\def\Width%
{0\p@}\def\WidthFactor%
{0}}\TeXTable%
{456\p@}{5}{L{35.076\p@}L{70.153\p@}L{105.23\p@}L{105.23\p@}L{140.307\p@}}%
\TablePartHeader%
{}\endTablePartHeader{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1018}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1018}}\TableRow%
{}\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1021}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}c\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}/sh/\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{2}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1024}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1025}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}sh\endSeq{}\endNode{}irt\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{3}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1027}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1028}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}c\endSeq{}\endNode{}reka\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{4}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}/SHREH,kah/\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
\endTableRow{}%
\TableRow%
{}\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}} \endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}} \endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{2}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1034}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}Engli\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1035}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}sh\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{3}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1037}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}gli\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1038}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}c\endSeq{}\endNode{}o\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{4}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}/GLEE,sho/\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
\endTableRow{}%
\TableRow%
{}\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1042}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}j\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}/zh/\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{2}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1045}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}mea\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1046}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}s\endSeq{}\endNode{}ure\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{3}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1048}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}lo\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1049}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}j\endSeq{}\endNode{}ban\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{4}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}/LOZH,bahn/\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
\endTableRow{}%
\TableRow%
{}\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}} \endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}} \endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{2}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1055}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}a\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1056}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}z\endSeq{}\endNode{}ure\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{3}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}} \endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{4}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}} \endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
\endTableRow{}\endNode{}\endNode{}%
\TablePartFooter%
{}\endTablePartFooter{}\endTeXTable{}%
\endTablePart{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\endNode{}%
\endTable{}%
\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1059}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}These two fricatives occur frequently in English combined with a
stop (giving \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1060}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}affricates\endSeq{}\endNode{}). Lojban phonology recognizes
this, and the /ch/ sound is written
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1061}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}tc\endSeq{}\endNode{}, while the /j/ sound is
written \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1062}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}dj\endSeq{}\endNode{}.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1063}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\LineSpacing%
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{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
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\TableRow%
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{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
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{0}\def\EndIndent%
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{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
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{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
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{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
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{\def\Element%
{1201}}\Seq%
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{\def\Element%
{1202}}\Seq%
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{\def\CellRowAlignment%
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{\def\Element%
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{\def\Element%
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{0}\def\EndIndent%
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{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
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{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
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\TableRow%
{}\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
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{0}\def\EndIndent%
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{0}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1209}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}n\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
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{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
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{0}\def\EndIndent%
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{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
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{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
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{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
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{\def\CellRowAlignment%
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{0}\def\EndIndent%
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{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{2}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1212}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}butto\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1213}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}n\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
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{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
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{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
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{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
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{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{4}}\endTableCell{}%
\endTableRow{}%
\TableRow%
{}\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}} \endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}} \endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
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{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
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{0}\def\EndIndent%
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{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
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{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{2}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
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{\def\Element%
{1218}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}Elle\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1219}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}n\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
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{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
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{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
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{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
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{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{3}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1221}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
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{\def\Element%
{1222}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}n\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
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{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
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{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{4}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}/EHL,n/\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
\endTableRow{}%
\TableRow%
{}\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1226}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}r\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
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{\def\CellRowAlignment%
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{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
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{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
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{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
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{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
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{start}}/r/\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
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{\def\CellRowAlignment%
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{0}\def\EndIndent%
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{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{2}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1229}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}lette\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1230}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}r\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
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{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
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{3}}\endTableCell{}%
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{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
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{0}\def\EndIndent%
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{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{4}}\endTableCell{}%
\endTableRow{}%
\TableRow%
{}\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
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{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}} \endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
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{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}} \endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
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{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
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{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{2}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1235}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}B\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1236}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}ur\endSeq{}\endNode{}t\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
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{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{3}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1238}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}b\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1239}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}r\endSeq{}\endNode{}t\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
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{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{4}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}/brt/\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
\endTableRow{}\endNode{}\endNode{}%
\TablePartFooter%
{}\endTablePartFooter{}\endTeXTable{}%
\endTablePart{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\endNode{}%
\endTable{}%
\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1241}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{32\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{20\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fSize%
{9\p@}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fPosture%
{upright}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\LineSpacing%
{11.7\p@}\def\LineSpacingFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1242}}\Par%
{\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{bold}}Note: \endSeq{}The names given above have syllabic consonants in American English.
In British English, \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1243}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}Burt\endSeq{}\endNode{} is pronounced instead as 
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1244}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}byt\endSeq{}\endNode{}, \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1245}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}Carl\endSeq{}\endNode{} as 
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1246}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}kal\endSeq{}\endNode{}, \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1247}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}Ellen\endSeq{}\endNode{} 
usually as \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1248}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}.elyn\endSeq{}\endNode{} or
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1249}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}.elen\endSeq{}\endNode{}, and 
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1250}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}Miriam\endSeq{}\endNode{} as \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1251}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}miri,ym\endSeq{}\endNode{}.\endPar{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1252}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}Consonants may be found in pairs, or even in triples, in many Lojban
words; even longer clusters of consonants,\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx115}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} often including at least one
syllabic consonant, may be found in Lojbanized names or borrowings. Some of
these clusters may appear strange to the English speaker (for example
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1255}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}mlatu\endSeq{}\endNode{} /MLAH,tu/), but all
permitted clusters were chosen so as to be quite pronounceable by most
speakers and understandable to most listeners. If you run across a cluster
that you simply cannot pronounce because of its unfamiliarity, it is
permissible to insert a very short \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1256}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}non-Lojban\endSeq{}\endNode{} vowel
sound between them. The English /i/ as in \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1257}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}b\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1258}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}i\endSeq{}\endNode{}t\endSeq{}\endNode{} is recommended for English
speakers.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1259}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}The basic Lojban vowels are best described as being similar to the
vowels of Spanish and Italian. These languages use pure vowels, whereas
English commonly uses vowels that are complexes of two or more pure vowels
called \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1260}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}diphthongs\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx192}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} (2-sounds) or \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1263}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}triphthongs\endSeq{}\endNode{} (3-sounds). English speakers
must work at keeping the sounds pure; a crisp, clipped speech tends to
help, along with keeping the lips and tongue tensed (for example by smiling
tightly) while speaking.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1264}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
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{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}/uh/\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
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{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{2}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1345}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}sof\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1346}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}a\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1347}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1348}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}a\endSeq{}\endNode{}bove\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{3}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1350}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}lob\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1351}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}y\endSeq{}\endNode{}pli\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
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{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{4}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}/LOBE,uh,plee/\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
\endTableRow{}\endNode{}\endNode{}%
\TablePartFooter%
{}\endTablePartFooter{}\endTeXTable{}%
\endTablePart{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\endNode{}%
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\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1353}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}The sound represented by \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1354}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}y\endSeq{}\endNode{}, called \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1355}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}schwa\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx105a}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, is a totally relaxed sound, contrasting with
all the other tensed vowels. In this way, the Lojban vowels are maximally
separated among possible vowel sounds. The English speaker must be
especially careful to ensure that a final unstressed vowel \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1358}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}a\endSeq{}\endNode{} in a Lojban word is
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\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1359}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}sofa\endSeq{}\endNode{} (compare the equivalent Lojban \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1360}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}sfofa\endSeq{}\endNode{}
/SFO,fah/, not \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1361}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}sfofy\endSeq{}\endNode{}
/SFO,fuh/).\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1362}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx193}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}Lojban has diphthongs as well, but these are always represented by
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{\def\Element%
{1365}}\Par%
{\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1366}}\HeadPar%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{bold}\def\fSize%
{12\p@}\def\LineSpacing%
{15.6\p@}\def\LineSpacingFactor%
{0}\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\HeadingLevel%
{4}\def\sbNom%
{9\p@}\def\sbMin%
{9\p@}\def\sbMax%
{9\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{6\p@}\def\saMin%
{6\p@}\def\saMax%
{6\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1367}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
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{\def\Element%
{1368}}\Seq%
{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1369}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\LineSpacing%
{13\p@}\def\LineSpacingFactor%
{0}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1370}}\Table%
{\def\DisplayAlignment%
{start}\def\Keep%
{true}\def\TableWidth%
{full}}\TablePart%
{}\insertTableColumn%
{\def\Width%
{0\p@}\def\WidthFactor%
{0}}\insertTableColumn%
{\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}\def\Width%
{0\p@}\def\WidthFactor%
{0}}\insertTableColumn%
{\def\ColumnIndex%
{2}\def\Width%
{0\p@}\def\WidthFactor%
{0}}\insertTableColumn%
{\def\ColumnIndex%
{3}\def\Width%
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{0}}\insertTableColumn%
{\def\ColumnIndex%
{4}\def\Width%
{0\p@}\def\WidthFactor%
{0}}\TeXTable%
{456\p@}{5}{L{35.076\p@}L{70.153\p@}L{105.23\p@}L{105.23\p@}L{140.307\p@}}%
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{}\endTablePartHeader{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1376}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1376}}\TableRow%
{}\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1379}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}ai\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
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{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}/ai/\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
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{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{2}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1382}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}h\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1383}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}igh\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
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{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{3}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1385}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}b\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1386}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}ai\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{4}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1388}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}b\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1389}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}ye\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
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\TableRow%
{}\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1392}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}au\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}/au/\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{2}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1395}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}c\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1396}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}ow\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{3}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1398}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}v\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1399}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}au\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{4}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1401}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}v\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1402}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}ow\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
\endTableRow{}%
\TableRow%
{}\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1405}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}ei\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}/ei/\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{2}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1408}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}b\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1409}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}ay\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
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{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
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{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{3}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1411}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}p\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1412}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}ei\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
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{\def\CellRowAlignment%
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{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
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{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{4}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1414}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}p\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1415}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}ay\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
\endTableRow{}%
\TableRow%
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{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1418}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}oi\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}/oi/\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{2}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1421}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}b\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1422}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}oy\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
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{\def\CellRowAlignment%
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{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
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{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1485}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}ue\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}/weh/\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{2}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1488}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1489}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}we\endSeq{}\endNode{}ll\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{3}}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{4}}\endTableCell{}%
\endTableRow{}%
\TableRow%
{}\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1492}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}ui\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}/wee/\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{2}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1495}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1496}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}wee\endSeq{}\endNode{}k\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{3}}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{4}}\endTableCell{}%
\endTableRow{}%
\TableRow%
{}\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1499}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}uo\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}/wo/\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{2}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1502}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1503}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}woe\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{3}}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{4}}\endTableCell{}%
\endTableRow{}%
\TableRow%
{}\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1506}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}uu\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}/wu/\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellRowAlignment%
{start}\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{2}}\Par%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1509}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1510}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}woo\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{3}}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{2\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{2\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\ColumnIndex%
{4}}\endTableCell{}%
\endTableRow{}\endNode{}\endNode{}%
\TablePartFooter%
{}\endTablePartFooter{}\endTeXTable{}%
\endTablePart{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\endNode{}%
\endTable{}%
\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1511}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}The diphthongs in the second table are found in Lojban only when
used as words by themselves, and in Lojbanized names. Those in the first table may be
found anywhere.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1512}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}Any other time these \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1513}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}vowel pairs\endSeq{}\endNode{} occur together in a single word, they
must be kept separate in order to unambiguously distinguish the separate
vowels from the diphthongs. The principle has been extended to all Lojban
vowels for consistency, and all non-diphthong vowel pairs in a word are
separated in print and in sound by an apostrophe (\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1514}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}'\endSeq{}\endNode{}), representing a short, breathy /h/
sound. (Say \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1515}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}Oh hello\endSeq{}\endNode{} quickly and without a pause
between the words to get an English equivalent, in this case of Lojban
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1516}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}o'e\endSeq{}\endNode{}. Any voiceless non-Lojban 
sound may also be used.)\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx194}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1518}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}When the vowels occur together, one at the end of a word and the
other at the beginning of the next word, the \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1519}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}'\endSeq{}\endNode{} is not used to separate them. (Were it used,
it would join them into a single word). Instead, a pause is mandatory between the
two vowels. The pause may be extremely short (called a \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1520}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}glottal
stop\endSeq{}\endNode{}) as in the English \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1521}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}he eats\endSeq{}\endNode{}, or may
be longer. The pause is mandatory and thus may be inferred without writing
it, but it is usually signalled to a reader with a period (\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1522}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}.\endSeq{}\endNode{}) before the word starting with a
vowel.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1523}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}A pause is also required after any Lojban name, which always ends in
a consonant. (A \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1524}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8220}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1525}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}.\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Character{8221}\endSeq{}\endNode{} is written after the name to mark this, thus
distinguishing names from other words without using capitalization.) Every
vowel-initial Lojban word is thus preceded by a pause, and such words are usually spelled with a \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1526}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8220}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1527}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}.\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Character{8221}\endSeq{}\endNode{} at the beginning. There are a small number
of other places where pauses\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx105}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} are required to separate words. \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1530}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8220}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1531}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}.\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Character{8221}\endSeq{}\endNode{} may be used
to mark the separation in these cases as well.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1532}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}Lojban words of more than one syllable are stressed\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx106}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} on the
next-to-last, or \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1535}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}penultimate\endSeq{}\endNode{}, syllable. (The apostrophe
counts as a syllable break: \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1536}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}blari'o\endSeq{}\endNode{}
is stressed as \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1537}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}blaRI'o\endSeq{}\endNode{}.)
Syllables for
which the vowel is \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1538}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}y\endSeq{}\endNode{} are
not counted in determining penultimate stress, nor are syllables counted in
which the letters \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1539}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}l, m, n,\endSeq{}\endNode{}
or \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1540}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}r\endSeq{}\endNode{} occur in their
syllabic forms, with no other vowel in the same syllable. (Thus, \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1541}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}lobypli\endSeq{}\endNode{} = \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1542}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}LO,by,pli\endSeq{}\endNode{}, \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1543}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}.uacintn.\endSeq{}\endNode{} = \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1544}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}.UA,cin,tn.\endSeq{}\endNode{}, \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1545}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}kat,rin.\endSeq{}\endNode{} = \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1546}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}KAT,r,in.\endSeq{}\endNode{}) In Lojbanized
names, a speaker may retain a semblance of native pronunciation of the name
by stressing a non-penultimate syllable. In this case, capitalization is
used to mark the abnormal stress, as in \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1547}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}DJOsefin.\endSeq{}\endNode{}
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1548}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}Josephine\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{} in the example above.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1549}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}It is not mandatory to mark stress and pause in writing in Lojban, except for word
separation according to the rules above. There is no mandatory intonation, like
the rising tone that always accompanies an English question. Lojban
equivalents of English intonations are expressed as spoken (and written)
words, and may be adequately communicated even in a monotone voice. Such
intonation, and pauses for phrasing, are then totally at the speaker's
discretion for ease in speaking or being understood, and carry no meaning of their own.
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1550}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{morphol}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{}\HeadPar%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{bold}\def\fPosture%
{upright}\def\fSize%
{14.4\p@}\def\LineSpacing%
{18.72\p@}\def\LineSpacingFactor%
{0}\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\HeadingLevel%
{2}\def\sbNom%
{10.8\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10.8\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10.8\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{7.2\p@}\def\saMin%
{7.2\p@}\def\saMax%
{7.2\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1552}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}Morphology\endNode{}\def\HeadingText{%
Morphology}%
\endHeadPar{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1552}}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1553}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx107}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}The forms of Lojban words are extremely regular. This, coupled with the phonology rules, allows a stream of speech
to be uniquely broken down into its component words.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1556}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}Lojban uses three kinds of words:

\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1557}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\LineSpacing%
{13\p@}\def\LineSpacingFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Table%
{\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}\def\TableWidth%
{full}}\TeXTable%
{456\p@}{2}{L{60\p@}l}%
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1558}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\TableRow%
{}\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1559}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Par%
{\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Seq%
{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1560}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1561}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}cmene\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1562}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1563}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}} names\endPar{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endTableCell{}%
\endTableRow{}\endNode{}%
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1564}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\TableRow%
{}\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1565}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Par%
{\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Seq%
{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1566}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1567}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1568}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1569}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1570}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}predicate\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{} words\endPar{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endTableCell{}%
\endTableRow{}\endNode{}%
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1571}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\TableRow%
{}\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1572}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Par%
{\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Seq%
{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1573}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1574}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}cmavo\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1575}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1576}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1577}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}structure\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{} words\endPar{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endTableCell{}%
\endTableRow{}\endNode{}%
\endTeXTable{}%
\endTable{}%
\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1578}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{}\HeadPar%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{bold}\def\fPosture%
{upright}\def\fSize%
{12\p@}\def\LineSpacing%
{15.6\p@}\def\LineSpacingFactor%
{0}\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\HeadingLevel%
{3}\def\sbNom%
{9\p@}\def\sbMin%
{9\p@}\def\sbMax%
{9\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{6\p@}\def\saMin%
{6\p@}\def\saMax%
{6\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1579}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1580}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1581}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}cmene\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\def\HeadingText{%
cmene}%
\endHeadPar{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1579}}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1582}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx109}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}Names, or \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1587}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1588}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}cmene\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, are
very much like their counterparts in other languages. They are labels
applied to things or people, to stand for them in descriptions or in
direct address. They may convey meaning in themselves, describing concretely
what they are refering to, but do not
necessarily do so. Because names are often highly personal and individual,
Lojban attempts to allow native language names to be used with a minimum of
modification. However, most names must be Lojbanized to some
extent, to prevent potential ambiguities. Examples of Lojbanized \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1589}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1590}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}cmene\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} include:\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1591}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\LineSpacing%
{13\p@}\def\LineSpacingFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Table%
{\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}\def\TableWidth%
{full}}\TeXTable%
{456\p@}{2}{L{90\p@}l}%
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1592}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\TableRow%
{}\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1593}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Par%
{\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Seq%
{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1594}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}djim.\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1595}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1596}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}Jim\endPar{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endTableCell{}%
\endTableRow{}\endNode{}%
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1597}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\TableRow%
{}\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1598}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Par%
{\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Seq%
{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1599}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}djein.\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1600}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1601}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}Jane\endPar{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endTableCell{}%
\endTableRow{}\endNode{}%
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1602}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\TableRow%
{}\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1603}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Par%
{\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Seq%
{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1604}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}.arnold.\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1605}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1606}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}Arnold\endPar{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endTableCell{}%
\endTableRow{}\endNode{}%
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1607}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\TableRow%
{}\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1608}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Par%
{\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Seq%
{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1609}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}pit.\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1610}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1611}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}Pete\endPar{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endTableCell{}%
\endTableRow{}\endNode{}%
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1612}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\TableRow%
{}\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1613}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Par%
{\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Seq%
{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1614}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}katrinas.\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1615}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1616}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}Katrina\endPar{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endTableCell{}%
\endTableRow{}\endNode{}%
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1617}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\TableRow%
{}\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1618}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Par%
{\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Seq%
{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1619}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}katr,in.\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1620}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1621}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}Catherine\endPar{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endTableCell{}%
\endTableRow{}\endNode{}%
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1622}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\TableRow%
{}\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1623}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Par%
{\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Seq%
{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1624}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}katis.\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1625}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1626}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}Cathy\endPar{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endTableCell{}%
\endTableRow{}\endNode{}%
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1627}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\TableRow%
{}\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1628}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Par%
{\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Seq%
{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1629}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}keit.\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1630}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1631}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}Kate\endPar{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endTableCell{}%
\endTableRow{}\endNode{}%
\endTeXTable{}%
\endTable{}%
\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1632}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1633}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1634}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}cmene\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} may have
almost any form, but always end in a consonant, and are followed by a
pause. \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1635}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1636}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}cmene\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} are
penultimately stressed, unless unusual stress is marked with capitalization.
A \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1637}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1638}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}cmene\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} may have multiple
parts, each ending with a consonant and pause, or the parts may be combined
into a single word with no pause. Thus \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1639}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}djan. djonz.\endSeq{}\endNode{} /jahn.jonz./ and
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1640}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}djandjonz.\endSeq{}\endNode{} /JAHNjonz./ are valid (American)
Lojbanizations of \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1641}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}John
Jones\endSeq{}\endNode{}, while \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1642}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}.iunaited. 
steits.\endSeq{}\endNode{} and either \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1643}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}.iuNAItet,steits.\endSeq{}\endNode{} or
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1644}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}.iunaitet,STEITS.\endSeq{}\endNode{} are valid Lojbanizations for \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1645}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}United
States\endSeq{}\endNode{}, depending on how you wish to stress the name. In the
last example, writing the \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1646}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1647}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}cmene\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} as a single word requires
capitalization of the stressed syllables /NAI/ or /STEITS/, neither of
which is penultimate in the single-word form of the \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1648}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1649}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}cmene\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1650}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{32\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{20\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fSize%
{9\p@}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fPosture%
{upright}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\LineSpacing%
{11.7\p@}\def\LineSpacingFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1651}}\Par%
{\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{bold}}Note: \endSeq{}Lojban words do not allow a 
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1652}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}voiced\endSeq{}\endNode{} consonant (like \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1653}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}d\endSeq{}\endNode{}) to be next to an 
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1654}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}unvoiced\endSeq{}\endNode{} consonant (like \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1655}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}s\endSeq{}\endNode{}), without an intervening pause. This 
is why the single-word version of \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1656}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}United States\endSeq{}\endNode{} 
goes into Lojban as \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1657}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}.iunaite\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1658}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}t\endSeq{}\endNode{},steits.\endSeq{}\endNode{}, whereas the two-word 
version remains as is: \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1659}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}.iunaite\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1660}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}d\endSeq{}\endNode{}.steits.\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1661}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}The final arbiter of the correct form of the \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1662}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1663}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}cmene\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} is the person doing the naming
\Character{8212} although most cultures grant people the right to determine how they
want their own name to be spelled and pronounced. The English
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1664}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}Mary\endSeq{}\endNode{} can thus be Lojbanized as
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1665}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}meris., maris., meiris.\endSeq{}\endNode{},
or even \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1666}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}marys.\endSeq{}\endNode{} The latter
is not pronounced much like its English equivalent, but may be desirable to
someone who values spelling over pronunciation consistency. The
final letter need not be an \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1667}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}s\endSeq{}\endNode{}; it must, however, be a Lojban
consonant of some variety.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1668}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1669}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1670}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}cmene\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} are not
permitted to have the words \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1671}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}la\endSeq{}\endNode{},
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1672}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}lai\endSeq{}\endNode{}, or \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1673}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}doi\endSeq{}\endNode{} embedded in them,
because they are always
preceded by one of these words or by a pause. With one of these words
embedded, the \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1674}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1675}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}cmene\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} might
break up into valid Lojban words followed by a shorter, incorrect
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1676}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1677}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}cmene\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}. There are similar
alternatives to these that can be used in Lojbanization, such as
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1678}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}ly\endSeq{}\endNode{}, \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1679}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}lei\endSeq{}\endNode{}, and
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1680}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}do'i\endSeq{}\endNode{}, that do not cause these
problems.\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx110}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1682}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{}\HeadPar%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{bold}\def\fPosture%
{upright}\def\fSize%
{12\p@}\def\LineSpacing%
{15.6\p@}\def\LineSpacingFactor%
{0}\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\HeadingLevel%
{3}\def\sbNom%
{9\p@}\def\sbMin%
{9\p@}\def\sbMax%
{9\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{6\p@}\def\saMin%
{6\p@}\def\saMax%
{6\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1683}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1684}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1685}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\def\HeadingText{%
brivla}%
\endHeadPar{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1683}}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1686}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx111}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1691}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}Predicate\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{} words, or \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1692}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1693}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, are the core of Lojban. The
concept of \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1694}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}predicate\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, or \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1695}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1696}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}bridi\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, will be discussed in the grammar section
below. \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1697}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1698}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} carry most
of the semantic information in the language. They serve as the equivalent
of English nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs, but are treated identically
in Lojban grammar.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1699}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1700}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1701}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} may be recognized by several properties:

\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1702}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1703}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{22\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-10\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\fSize%
{8\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{0\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}\def\FieldWidth%
{10\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1704}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}they have more than one syllable\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1705}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{22\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-10\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\fSize%
{8\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{0\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}\def\FieldWidth%
{10\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1706}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}they are penultimately stressed\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx113}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1709}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{22\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-10\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\fSize%
{8\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{0\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}\def\FieldWidth%
{10\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1710}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}they have a consonant cluster\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx114}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} (at least two adjacent consonants) within or between the first and second syllables\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1713}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{22\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-10\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\fSize%
{8\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{0\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}\def\FieldWidth%
{10\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1714}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}they end in a vowel\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1715}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}The consonant cluster rule has the qualification that the letter
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1716}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}y\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx115a}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx116a}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} is totally ignored, even
if it splits a consonant cluster. Thus \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1723}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}lobypei\endSeq{}\endNode{} /LOBE,uh,pay/ is a \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1724}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1725}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} even though the \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1726}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}y\endSeq{}\endNode{} separates the \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1727}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}bp\endSeq{}\endNode{} cluster.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1728}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1729}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1730}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} are divided into 
three subcategories according to how they are created:\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1731}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\LineSpacing%
{13\p@}\def\LineSpacingFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Table%
{\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}\def\TableWidth%
{full}}\TeXTable%
{456\p@}{2}{L{60\p@}l}%
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1732}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\TableRow%
{}\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1733}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Par%
{\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Seq%
{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1734}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1735}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}gismu\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1736}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1737}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}the \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1738}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}primitive\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{} roots of
Lojban; e.g. \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1739}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}klama\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endTableCell{}%
\endTableRow{}\endNode{}%
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1740}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\TableRow%
{}\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1741}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Par%
{\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Seq%
{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1742}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1743}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}lujvo\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1744}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1745}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}compounds of \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1746}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1747}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}gismu\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, or their abbreviations, with meanings defined from their
components; e.g. \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1748}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}lobypli\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endTableCell{}%
\endTableRow{}\endNode{}%
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1749}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\TableRow%
{}\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1750}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Par%
{\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Seq%
{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1751}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1752}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}fu'ivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1753}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1754}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1755}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}borrowings\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{} from other
languages that have been Lojbanized (in a manner similar to how \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1756}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1757}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}cmene\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} are Lojbanized) in order to fit within the
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1758}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1759}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} requirements; e.g.
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1760}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}cidjrspageti\endSeq{}\endNode{} \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1761}\def\ProcessingMode%
{variablelist-table}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}spaghetti\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{} (it's not nearly as hard to say as it looks!)\endPar{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endTableCell{}%
\endTableRow{}\endNode{}%
\endTeXTable{}%
\endTable{}%
\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1762}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1763}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1764}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} are defined
so as to have only one meaning, which is expressed through a unique 
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1765}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}place
structure\endSeq{}\endNode{}. This concept is discussed further in the sections on
semantics and grammar. \endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1766}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{}\HeadPar%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{bold}\def\fPosture%
{upright}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\LineSpacing%
{13\p@}\def\LineSpacingFactor%
{0}\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\HeadingLevel%
{4}\def\sbNom%
{7.5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{7.5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{7.5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1767}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1768}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1769}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}gismu\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\def\HeadingText{%
gismu}%
\endHeadPar{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1767}}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1770}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx116}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}The \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1775}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1776}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}gismu\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} are the
basic roots for the Lojban language. These roots were selected based on
various criteria:

\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1777}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1778}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{22\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-10\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\fSize%
{8\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{0\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}\def\FieldWidth%
{10\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1779}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}occurrence or word frequency in other languages\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1780}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{22\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-10\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\fSize%
{8\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{0\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}\def\FieldWidth%
{10\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1781}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}usefulness in building complex concepts\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1782}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{22\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-10\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\fSize%
{8\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{0\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}\def\FieldWidth%
{10\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1783}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}and a few, like the words \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1784}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}gismu\endSeq{}\endNode{}, \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1785}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}cmavo\endSeq{}\endNode{}, and \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1786}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}lujvo\endSeq{}\endNode{}, are included as uniquely Lojbanic
concepts that are basic to the language.\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1787}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}Each \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1788}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1789}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}gismu\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} is
exactly five letters long, and has one of two consonant-vowel patterns:
CVCCV or CCVCV (e.g. \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1790}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}rafsi\endSeq{}\endNode{}, \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1791}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}bridi\endSeq{}\endNode{}). The \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1792}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1793}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}gismu\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} are built so as to minimize
listening errors in a noisy environment. \Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx117}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1795}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{}\HeadPar%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{bold}\def\fPosture%
{upright}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\LineSpacing%
{13\p@}\def\LineSpacingFactor%
{0}\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\HeadingLevel%
{4}\def\sbNom%
{7.5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{7.5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{7.5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1796}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1797}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1798}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}lujvo\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\def\HeadingText{%
lujvo}%
\endHeadPar{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1796}}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1799}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx118}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}When specifying a concept that is not found among the \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1804}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1805}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}gismu\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, a Lojbanist generally attempts to
express the concept as a \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1806}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1807}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}tanru\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx120}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}. \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1812}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1813}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}tanru\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} is an elaboration of the concept of
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1814}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}metaphor\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{} used in English. In Lojban, any
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1815}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1816}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} can be used to
modify another \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1817}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1818}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}. The
first of the pair modifies the second. Modifier \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1819}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1820}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} may thus be regarded as acting like
English adverbs or adjectives. For example, \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1821}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}skami
pilno\endSeq{}\endNode{} is the \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1822}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1823}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}tanru\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} which expresses the concept of
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1824}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}computer user\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{}.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1825}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}When a concept expressed in a \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1826}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1827}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}tanru\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} proves useful, or is frequently
expressed, it is desirable to choose one of the possible meanings of the
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1828}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1829}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}tanru\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} and assign it to a
new, single \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1830}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1831}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}. In the
example, we would probably choose the meaning \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1832}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}user of 
computers\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, and form the single \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1833}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1834}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1835}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}sampli\endSeq{}\endNode{}, out of the \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1836}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1837}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}tanru\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1838}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}skami pilno\endSeq{}\endNode{}.
Such a \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1839}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1840}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, built from
two or more component
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1841}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1842}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}gismu\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, is called a
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1843}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1844}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}lujvo\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1845}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}Like \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1846}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1847}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}gismu\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, however, \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1848}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1849}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}lujvo\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}
have only one meaning. Unlike \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1850}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1851}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}gismu\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1852}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1853}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}lujvo\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}
may have more than one form. This is because each \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1854}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1855}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}gismu\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}
has between two and five combining forms called \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1856}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1857}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}rafsi\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, which are joined together
in order to form a \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1858}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1859}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}lujvo\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} (e.g. \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1860}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}sam\endSeq{}\endNode{} and \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1861}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}skam\endSeq{}\endNode{} for \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1862}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}skami\endSeq{}\endNode{}; \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1863}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}pli\endSeq{}\endNode{} and \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1864}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}piln\endSeq{}\endNode{} for \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1865}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}pilno\endSeq{}\endNode{}). Longer \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1866}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1867}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}rafsi\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx122}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}
may be used in place of shorter
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1872}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1873}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}rafsi\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}; the result is considered the
same \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1874}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1875}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}lujvo\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, even though the word is
spelled and pronounced differently. Thus \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1876}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{},
itself a \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1877}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1878}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}lujvo\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} built from the \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1879}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1880}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}tanru\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1881}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}bridi
valsi\endSeq{}\endNode{}, is the same \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1882}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1883}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}lujvo\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} as
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1884}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}brivalsi\endSeq{}\endNode{}, \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1885}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}bridyvla\endSeq{}\endNode{}, and \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1886}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}bridyvalsi\endSeq{}\endNode{} \Character{8212} each using a different
combination of \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1887}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1888}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}rafsi\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}.\endPar{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1889}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{}\HeadPar%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{bold}\def\fPosture%
{upright}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\LineSpacing%
{13\p@}\def\LineSpacingFactor%
{0}\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\HeadingLevel%
{4}\def\sbNom%
{7.5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{7.5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{7.5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1890}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1891}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1892}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}fu'ivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\def\HeadingText{%
fu'ivla}%
\endHeadPar{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1890}}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1893}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx124}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}The use of \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1898}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1899}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}tanru\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} or
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1900}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1901}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}lujvo\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} is not always
appropriate for very concrete or specific terms (e.g.
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1902}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brie\endSeq{}\endNode{} or \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1903}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}cobra\endSeq{}\endNode{}), or for
jargon words specialized to a narrow field (e.g.
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1904}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}quark\endSeq{}\endNode{}, \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1905}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}integral\endSeq{}\endNode{}, or
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1906}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}iambic pentameter\endSeq{}\endNode{}). These words are in effect
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1907}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}names\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{} for concepts, and the names were
invented by speakers of another language. The vast majority of names for
plants, animals, foods, and scientific terminology cannot be easily
expressed as \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1908}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1909}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}tanru\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}. They
thus must be \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1910}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}borrowed\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{} (actually \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1911}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}copied\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{}) into Lojban from the original language,
forming words called \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1912}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1913}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}fu'ivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1914}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}A borrowed word must be Lojbanized into
one of several permitted \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1915}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1916}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}fu'ivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} forms. A \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1917}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1918}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}rafsi\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} is then attached to the beginning
of the Lojbanized form, usually using a syllabic consonant as \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1919}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}glue\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{} to ensure that the resulting word 
is not construed as two separate words. The \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1920}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1921}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}rafsi\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}
categorizes or limits the meaning of the \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1922}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1923}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}fu'ivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}; otherwise a word having several
different jargon meanings in other languages (such as
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1924}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}integral\endSeq{}\endNode{}) would be unclear as to which
meaning should be assigned to the \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1925}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1926}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}fu'ivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}. \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1927}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1928}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}fu'ivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, like other \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1929}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1930}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, are not permitted to have more
than one definition.\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx125}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx112}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} \endPar{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1933}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{}\HeadPar%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{bold}\def\fPosture%
{upright}\def\fSize%
{12\p@}\def\LineSpacing%
{15.6\p@}\def\LineSpacingFactor%
{0}\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\HeadingLevel%
{3}\def\sbNom%
{9\p@}\def\sbMin%
{9\p@}\def\sbMax%
{9\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{6\p@}\def\saMin%
{6\p@}\def\saMax%
{6\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1934}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1935}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1936}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}cmavo\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\def\HeadingText{%
cmavo}%
\endHeadPar{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1934}}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1937}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx126}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1942}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1943}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}cmavo\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} are the
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1944}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}structure words\endSeq{}\endNode{} that hold the Lojban language together. They often have no
concrete meaning in themselves, though they may affect the semantics of
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1945}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1946}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} to which they are
attached. \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1947}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1948}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}cmavo\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} include
the equivalent of English articles, conjunctions, prepositions, numbers,
and punctuation marks.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1949}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1950}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1951}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}cmavo\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} are recognized
most easily by not being either \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1952}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1953}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}cmene\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} or \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1954}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1955}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}. Thus, they:\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1956}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1957}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{22\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-10\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\fSize%
{8\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{0\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}\def\FieldWidth%
{10\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1958}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}may be a single syllable\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1959}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{22\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-10\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\fSize%
{8\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{0\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}\def\FieldWidth%
{10\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1960}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}never contain a consonant cluster\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx128a}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} of any type, whether or
not \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1963}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}y\endSeq{}\endNode{} is counted\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1964}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{22\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-10\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\fSize%
{8\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{0\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}\def\FieldWidth%
{10\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1965}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}end in a vowel\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1966}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{22\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-10\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\fSize%
{8\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{0\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}\def\FieldWidth%
{10\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1967}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}need not be penultimately stressed,
though they often are if they have more than one syllable\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1968}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}All \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1969}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1970}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}cmavo\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} display
one of the following letter patterns, where C stands for a consonant, and V
stands for a vowel:

\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1971}}\Table%
{\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}\def\TableWidth%
{full}}\TeXTable%
{456\p@}{6}{llllll}%
\TableRow%
{}\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{0\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1972}}\Par%
{\def\Quadding%
{start}}V\endPar{}\endNode{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{0\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\ColumnIndex%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1973}}\Par%
{\def\Quadding%
{start}}VV\endPar{}\endNode{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{0\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\ColumnIndex%
{2}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1974}}\Par%
{\def\Quadding%
{start}}V'V\endPar{}\endNode{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{0\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\ColumnIndex%
{3}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1975}}\Par%
{\def\Quadding%
{start}}CV\endPar{}\endNode{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{0\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\ColumnIndex%
{4}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1976}}\Par%
{\def\Quadding%
{start}}CVV\endPar{}\endNode{}\endTableCell{}%
&\TableCell%
{\def\CellBeforeRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellAfterRowMargin%
{0\p@}\def\CellBeforeColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\CellAfterColumnMargin%
{3\p@}\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{0\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\ColumnIndex%
{5}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1977}}\Par%
{\def\Quadding%
{start}}CV'V\endPar{}\endNode{}\endTableCell{}%
\endTableRow{}%
\endTeXTable{}%
\endTable{}%
\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1978}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}The letter pattern generally does not indicate anything about the grammar of the \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1979}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1980}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}cmavo\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1981}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}A sequence of \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1982}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1983}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}cmavo\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}
can be written without intervening spaces, without any change to its meaning.
Such a sequence is called a \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1984}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}compound\endSeq{}\endNode{} \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1985}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1986}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1987}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}cmavo\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx128}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}.
For example, a set of digits
comprising a longer number can be written as a single word (e.g. \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1993}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}pareci\endSeq{}\endNode{} = \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1994}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}pa\endSeq{}\endNode{} + \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1995}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}re\endSeq{}\endNode{} + \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1996}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}ci\endSeq{}\endNode{} = \Node%
{\def\Element%
{1997}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}123\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{}).\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1998}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{32\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{20\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fSize%
{9\p@}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fPosture%
{upright}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\LineSpacing%
{11.7\p@}\def\LineSpacingFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{1999}}\Par%
{\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{bold}}Note: \endSeq{}As far as the stress rules of Lojban are concerned, however,
these are still separate words. So you don't have to stress \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2000}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}pareci\endSeq{}\endNode{} as \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2001}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}
paREci\endSeq{}\endNode{}.\endPar{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2002}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}A small number of \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2003}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2004}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}cmavo\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} used in \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2005}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2006}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}tanru\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} have been assigned \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2007}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2008}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}rafsi\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, so that they may aid in converting those \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2009}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2010}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}tanru\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}
into \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2011}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2012}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}lujvo\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}.\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx127}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx108}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{semx}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{}\HeadPar%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{bold}\def\fPosture%
{upright}\def\fSize%
{14.4\p@}\def\LineSpacing%
{18.72\p@}\def\LineSpacingFactor%
{0}\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\HeadingLevel%
{2}\def\sbNom%
{10.8\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10.8\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10.8\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{7.2\p@}\def\saMin%
{7.2\p@}\def\saMax%
{7.2\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2016}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}Semantics\endNode{}\def\HeadingText{%
Semantics}%
\endHeadPar{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2016}}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2017}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}Lojban is designed to be unambiguous in orthography, phonology,
morphology, and grammar. Lojban semantics, however, must support the same
breadth of human thought as natural languages. Every human being has
different \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2018}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}meanings\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{} attached to the words
they use, based on their unique personal experiences with the concepts
involved. So it is impossible to eliminate \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2019}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}semantic
ambiguity\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx144}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} (the ambiguity embedded in the variable meanings of
words when taken in context) completely.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2022}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}Rather, Lojban attempts to minimize semantic ambiguity, partly by systematizing as
much as possible about semantics, but mostly by removing the clutter and
confusion caused by other forms of ambiguity.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{brivla}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{}\HeadPar%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{bold}\def\fPosture%
{upright}\def\fSize%
{12\p@}\def\LineSpacing%
{15.6\p@}\def\LineSpacingFactor%
{0}\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\HeadingLevel%
{3}\def\sbNom%
{9\p@}\def\sbMin%
{9\p@}\def\sbMax%
{9\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{6\p@}\def\saMin%
{6\p@}\def\saMax%
{6\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2024}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2025}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2026}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\def\HeadingText{%
brivla}%
\endHeadPar{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2024}}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2027}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}Unlike words in most other languages, a \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2028}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2029}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} has a single meaning, 
which however may encompass a narrow or broad range of closely related submeanings. \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2030}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2031}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}gismu\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx128b}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} tend to have more general meanings, while \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2037}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2038}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}lujvo\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx129}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} tend to have specific
definitions; the compounding of \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2044}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2045}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}gismu\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} into \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2046}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2047}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}lujvo\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} allows expression of any desired
degree of specificity. \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2048}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2049}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}fu'ivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx130}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} have a single narrow meaning.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2055}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}The semantic definitions of \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2056}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2057}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} are closely tied to the \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2058}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}predicate\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{} nature of \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2059}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2060}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, a topic discussed
in detail in the grammar section below. In short, a \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2061}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2062}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} defines the relationship between a
group of separate but related concepts, called its \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2063}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2064}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}sumti\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2065}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2066}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2067}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} are not nouns, verbs,
adjectives, or adverbs; yet they incorporate elements of each. These
different aspects are brought out in the way the \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2068}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2069}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} is used in the grammar, but the
different grammatical environments do not change the meaning of the
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2070}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2071}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2072}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2073}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2074}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} are an
open-ended set of words; new \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2075}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2076}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}lujvo\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} and \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2077}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2078}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}fu'ivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} may be created
as needed. Eventually, invented \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2079}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2080}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} will be collected and analyzed, 
and added to a formal dictionary. 
The definitions of all \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2081}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2082}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}gismu\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, including
their place structures, have already
been specified. The place structure of a \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2083}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2084}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}lujvo\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} can generally be inferred from the
place structures of its component \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2085}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2086}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}gismu\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, using conventions
which are generally useful though not hard-and-fast. \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2087}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2088}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}fu'ivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} are generally concrete terms, 
with simple and fairly obvious place structures. When there is uncertainty, listeners can ask
about unknown or confusing place structures.\endPar{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{tanru}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{}\HeadPar%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{bold}\def\fPosture%
{upright}\def\fSize%
{12\p@}\def\LineSpacing%
{15.6\p@}\def\LineSpacingFactor%
{0}\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\HeadingLevel%
{3}\def\sbNom%
{9\p@}\def\sbMin%
{9\p@}\def\sbMax%
{9\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{6\p@}\def\saMin%
{6\p@}\def\saMax%
{6\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2090}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2091}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2092}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}tanru\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\def\HeadingText{%
tanru}%
\endHeadPar{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2090}}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2093}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}The heart of Lojban semantics is embedded in \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2094}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2095}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}tanru\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx132}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}. The meaning of a \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2101}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2102}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}tanru\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} is somewhat ambiguous: for instance,
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2103}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}skami pilno\endSeq{}\endNode{} could refer to
a computer that is a user, or to a user of computers. There are a variety
of ways that the modifier component can be related to the modified
component. \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2104}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2105}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}cmavo\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx121}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} are used within \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2110}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2111}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}tanru\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} to prevent grammatical ambiguities,
such as the various possible groupings of words in a phrase like
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2112}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}pretty little girls school\endSeq{}\endNode{} (\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2113}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}\{pretty \{little \{girls school\}\}\}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2114}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}\{\{pretty little\} \{girls school\}\}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2115}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}\{\{pretty \{little girls\}\} school\}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, and so on).\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2116}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}A speaker may use \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2117}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2118}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}tanru\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} to be arbitrarily general or
specific. \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2119}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2120}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}tanru\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} are usually
meant to be quite straightforward; \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2121}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2122}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}tanru\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} are
always considered as a series of pairs of terms, a \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2123}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}binary
metaphor\endSeq{}\endNode{} relationship. In such a relationship the first
term by default modifies the second term. The terms may be \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2124}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2125}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, certain \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2126}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2127}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}cmavo\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} such as numbers, or
shorter \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2128}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2129}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}tanru\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}.\endPar{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{connotation}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{}\HeadPar%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{bold}\def\fPosture%
{upright}\def\fSize%
{12\p@}\def\LineSpacing%
{15.6\p@}\def\LineSpacingFactor%
{0}\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\HeadingLevel%
{3}\def\sbNom%
{9\p@}\def\sbMin%
{9\p@}\def\sbMax%
{9\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{6\p@}\def\saMin%
{6\p@}\def\saMax%
{6\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2131}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}Connotation and Assertion\endNode{}\def\HeadingText{%
Connotation and Assertion}%
\endHeadPar{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2131}}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2132}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}The connotative semantics of Lojban sentences \Character{8212} that is to say, the meaning
contained not in the words themselves, but in the associations people make with them \Character{8212} is still relatively
undefined. The same is true for the semantics of longer expressions or texts. There is as yet
nothing clearly corresponding in Lojban to \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2133}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}mood\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{} or \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2134}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}tone\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, no
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2135}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}formal\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{} or \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2136}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}informal\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{} styles, etc.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2137}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}Because the language is oriented towards logic, 
the nature of the assertion in a statement, and whether it is
true or false, are especially significant. Certain constructs in the language are described as making
assertions, and having \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2138}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}truth values\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx133}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} (that is, being true or being false). Other constructs
may modify those truth values, and still other constructs are interpreted
independently from the truth of the statement.\endPar{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{grammar}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{}\HeadPar%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{bold}\def\fPosture%
{upright}\def\fSize%
{14.4\p@}\def\LineSpacing%
{18.72\p@}\def\LineSpacingFactor%
{0}\def\StartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\HeadingLevel%
{2}\def\sbNom%
{10.8\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10.8\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10.8\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{7.2\p@}\def\saMin%
{7.2\p@}\def\saMax%
{7.2\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2142}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}Grammar\endNode{}\def\HeadingText{%
Grammar}%
\endHeadPar{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2142}}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2143}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}Lojban's grammar is defined by a set of rules that have been tested
to be unambiguous using computers. Grammatical unambiguity means that in a
grammatical expression, each word has exactly one grammatical
interpretation, and that within the expression the words relate
grammatically to each other in exactly one way. (By comparison, in the
English \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2144}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}Time flies like an arrow\endSeq{}\endNode{}, each of the first three words has at
least two grammatical meanings, and each possible combination results in a different
grammatical structure for the sentence.)\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2145}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}The \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2146}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}machine grammar\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx134}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} is the set of
computer-tested rules that describes, and is the standard for, \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2149}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}correct Lojban\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{}. If a Lojban speaker follows those
rules exactly, the expression will be grammatically unambiguous\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx135}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}. If the
rules are not followed, ambiguity may exist. Ambiguity does not make
communication impossible, of course. Every speaker on Earth speaks an
ambiguous language. But Lojbanists strive for accuracy in Lojban grammatical
usage, and thereby for grammatically unambiguous communication. (Semantic
ambiguity, as we have seen, is another matter.)\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2152}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}It is important to note that new Lojbanists will not be able to speak
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2153}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}perfectly\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{} when first learning Lojban. In
fact, you may never speak perfectly in \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2154}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}natural\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{} Lojban conversation, even though you
achieve fluency in the language. No English speaker always speaks textbook
English in natural conversation; Lojban speakers will also make grammatical
errors when talking quickly. Lojbanists will, however, be able to speak or
write unambiguously \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2155}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}if they are careful\endSeq{}\endNode{}, which is difficult if
not impossible with a natural language.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2156}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}In Lojban grammar rules, words are assembled into short phrases
representing a possible piece of a Lojban expression. These phrases are
then assembled into longer phrases, and so forth, until all possible pieces
have been incorporated through rules that describe all possible expressions in
the language. Lojban's rules include grammar for \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2157}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}incomplete\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{} sentences, for multiple sentences flowing
together in a narrative, for quotation, and for mathematical
expressions\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx137}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2160}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}The grammar is very simple, but infinitely powerful; often, a more
complex phrase can be placed inside a simple structure, which in turn can
be used in another instance of the complex phrase structure. \endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2161}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{}\HeadPar%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{bold}\def\fPosture%
{upright}\def\fSize%
{12\p@}\def\LineSpacing%
{15.6\p@}\def\LineSpacingFactor%
{0}\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\HeadingLevel%
{3}\def\sbNom%
{9\p@}\def\sbMin%
{9\p@}\def\sbMax%
{9\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{6\p@}\def\saMin%
{6\p@}\def\saMax%
{6\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2162}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2163}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2164}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}cmavo\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\def\HeadingText{%
cmavo}%
\endHeadPar{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2162}}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2165}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}The machine grammar includes rules which describe how each word is
interpreted. A classification scheme categorizes each word based on what
rules it is used in and how it interacts with other words in the grammar.
All \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2166}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2167}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}cmene\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}
are treated identically by the grammar, as are all \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2168}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2169}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}.
The classification divides the \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2170}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2171}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}cmavo\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}
of Lojban into about a hundred of these categories
of grammar units, called \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2172}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2173}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}selma'o\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx136}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}. Whereas the three
word types, namely \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2178}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2179}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}cmene\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{},
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2180}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2181}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, and \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2182}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2183}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}cmavo\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, are generally considered to
correspond to the \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2184}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}parts of speech\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{} of
English, these hundred-odd \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2185}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2186}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}selma'o\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} correspond to the more subtle variations in
English grammar, such as the different kinds of pronouns, or the different ways of
expressing the past tense of a verb. In this sense, English has hundreds of
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2187}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}parts of speech\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{}.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2188}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}Lojban \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2189}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2190}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}selma'o\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}
are named after one word within the category, often
the one most frequently used. CU, KOhA, PU, and UI are examples of \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2191}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2192}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}selma'o\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2193}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{32\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{20\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fSize%
{9\p@}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fPosture%
{upright}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\LineSpacing%
{11.7\p@}\def\LineSpacingFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2194}}\Par%
{\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{bold}}Note: \endSeq{}The \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2195}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2196}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}selma'o\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} names are capitalized in English
discussion of Lojban. The apostrophe is converted to \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2197}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}h\endSeq{}\endNode{} in such usage; this is for compatibility with computer grammar parsers.\endPar{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2198}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{}\HeadPar%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{bold}\def\fPosture%
{upright}\def\fSize%
{12\p@}\def\LineSpacing%
{15.6\p@}\def\LineSpacingFactor%
{0}\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\HeadingLevel%
{3}\def\sbNom%
{9\p@}\def\sbMin%
{9\p@}\def\sbMax%
{9\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{6\p@}\def\saMin%
{6\p@}\def\saMax%
{6\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2199}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2200}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2201}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}bridi\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\def\HeadingText{%
bridi}%
\endHeadPar{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2199}}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2202}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx138}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}The \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2207}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2208}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}bridi\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} is the basic building block of
a Lojban sentence. \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2209}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2210}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}bridi\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} are not words, but concepts. A
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2211}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2212}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}bridi\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} expresses a relationship
between several \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2213}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}arguments\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, called
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2214}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2215}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}sumti\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx140}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}. Those with a background in
algebra may recognize the word \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2220}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}argument\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{} in
connection with \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2221}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}functions\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, and a
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2222}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2223}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}bridi\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} can be considered a logical
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2224}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}function\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{} (called a
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2225}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}predicate\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx142}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}) with several \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2230}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}arguments\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{}. A \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2231}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2232}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}
(\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2233}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}bridi
valsi\endSeq{}\endNode{} = \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2234}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2235}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}bridi\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}-word) is a single word which
expresses the relationship of a \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2236}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2237}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}bridi\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2238}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}The definition of a \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2239}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2240}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}
includes a specific set of \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2241}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}places\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{} for
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2242}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2243}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}sumti\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} to be inserted,
expressed in a certain order (called a \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2244}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}place
structure\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx131}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}) to allow a speaker to clearly indicate which place is
which. By convention, we number these places as: x\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2247}}\Seq%
{\def\fSize%
{6\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{-3\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}}1\endSeq{}\endNode{},
x\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2248}}\Seq%
{\def\fSize%
{6\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{-3\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}}2\endSeq{}\endNode{}, x\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2249}}\Seq%
{\def\fSize%
{6\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{-3\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}}3\endSeq{}\endNode{},
x\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2250}}\Seq%
{\def\fSize%
{6\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{-3\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}}4\endSeq{}\endNode{}, x\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2251}}\Seq%
{\def\fSize%
{6\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{-3\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}}5\endSeq{}\endNode{}, etc., numbering 
from the left. Other letters may be used when referring to
two or more place structures together.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2252}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}The unique definition of a \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2253}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2254}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} is thus an enumeration of the
component places in order, joined with a description of the relationship
between them. The definition of the \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2255}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2256}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}gismu\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2257}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}klama\endSeq{}\endNode{} \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2258}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8216}come, go\Character{8217}\endSeq{}\endNode{} can be expressed compactly as:

\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2259}}\Par%
{\def\StartIndent%
{32\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{10\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2260}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}x\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2261}}\Seq%
{\def\fSize%
{6\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{-3\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}}1\endSeq{}\endNode{} comes/goes to
x\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2262}}\Seq%
{\def\fSize%
{6\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{-3\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}}2\endSeq{}\endNode{} from x\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2263}}\Seq%
{\def\fSize%
{6\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{-3\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}}3\endSeq{}\endNode{} via
x\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2264}}\Seq%
{\def\fSize%
{6\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{-3\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}}4\endSeq{}\endNode{} using x\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2265}}\Seq%
{\def\fSize%
{6\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{-3\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}}5\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}or in full detail:

\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2266}}\Par%
{\def\StartIndent%
{32\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{10\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2267}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{32\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2268}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{42\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-10\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\fSize%
{8\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{0\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}\def\FieldWidth%
{10\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2269}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}x\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2270}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fSize%
{6\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{-3\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}}1\endSeq{}\endNode{} describes a party that acts with result of being in motion;\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2271}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{42\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-10\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\fSize%
{8\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{0\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}\def\FieldWidth%
{10\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2272}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}x\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2273}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fSize%
{6\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{-3\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}}2\endSeq{}\endNode{} describes a destination where
x\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2274}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fSize%
{6\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{-3\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}}1\endSeq{}\endNode{} is located after the action;\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2275}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{42\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-10\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\fSize%
{8\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{0\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}\def\FieldWidth%
{10\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2276}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}x\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2277}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fSize%
{6\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{-3\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}}3\endSeq{}\endNode{} describes an origin where
x\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2278}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fSize%
{6\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{-3\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}}1\endSeq{}\endNode{} is located before the action;\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2279}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{42\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-10\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\fSize%
{8\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{0\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}\def\FieldWidth%
{10\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2280}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}x\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2281}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fSize%
{6\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{-3\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}}4\endSeq{}\endNode{} describes a route, or points
along a route travelled by x\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2282}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fSize%
{6\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{-3\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}}1\endSeq{}\endNode{} between
x\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2283}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fSize%
{6\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{-3\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}}2\endSeq{}\endNode{} and x\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2284}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fSize%
{6\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{-3\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}}3\endSeq{}\endNode{};\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2285}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{42\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-10\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\fSize%
{8\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{0\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}\def\FieldWidth%
{10\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2286}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}x\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2287}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fSize%
{6\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{-3\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}}5\endSeq{}\endNode{} describes the means of transport
by which the result is obtained.\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2288}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{32\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{20\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fSize%
{9\p@}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fPosture%
{upright}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\LineSpacing%
{11.7\p@}\def\LineSpacingFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2289}}\Par%
{\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{bold}}Note: \endSeq{}The difference between the English verbs \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2290}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}come\endSeq{}\endNode{} and
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2291}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}go\endSeq{}\endNode{} depends on the relationship between
x\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2292}}\Seq%
{\def\fSize%
{5.4\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{-2.7\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}}2\endSeq{}\endNode{} (the destination), 
x\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2293}}\Seq%
{\def\fSize%
{5.4\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{-2.7\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}}1\endSeq{}\endNode{} (the origin), and the speaker. The
position of the speaker is not part of the Lojban
meaning.\endPar{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2294}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}When actually using a \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2295}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2296}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} within a \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2297}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2298}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}bridi\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, it is possible to fill the
places (five in the case of \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2299}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}klama\endSeq{}\endNode{})
with five specific \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2300}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2301}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}sumti\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}. Consider the following example:


\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2302}}\Par%
{\def\StartIndent%
{32\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\EndIndent%
{10\p@}\def\EndIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2303}}\Par%
{\def\StartIndent%
{32\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2304}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}Example 1. \endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2305}}\Seq%
{}
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2306}}\Par%
{\def\StartIndent%
{32\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Lines%
{asis}\def\InputWhitespaceTreatment%
{preserve}\def\Keep%
{page}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2307}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}le prenu cu klama le zdani le briju le zarci le karce\endSeq{}\endNode{}
The person comes/goes to the house from the office via the market using the car.\endPar{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endNode{}The definition of the \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2308}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2309}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} used above, \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2310}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}klama\endSeq{}\endNode{}, shows this relationship. There are
five places labelled x\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2311}}\Seq%
{\def\fSize%
{6\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{-3\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}}1\endSeq{}\endNode{} through
x\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2312}}\Seq%
{\def\fSize%
{6\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{-3\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}}5\endSeq{}\endNode{}. The \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2313}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2314}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} itself describes how the five places are
related, but does not include values for those places. In this example, those places
are filled in with five specific \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2315}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2316}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}sumti\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} values:\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2317}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2318}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{22\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-10\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\fSize%
{8\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{0\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}\def\FieldWidth%
{10\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2319}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}x\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2320}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fSize%
{6\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{-3\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}}1\endSeq{}\endNode{} contains \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2321}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}le prenu\endSeq{}\endNode{} (the person)\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2322}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{22\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-10\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\fSize%
{8\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{0\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}\def\FieldWidth%
{10\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2323}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}x\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2324}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fSize%
{6\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{-3\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}}2\endSeq{}\endNode{} contains \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2325}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}le zdani\endSeq{}\endNode{} (the house)\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2326}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{22\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-10\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\fSize%
{8\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{0\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}\def\FieldWidth%
{10\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2327}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}x\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2328}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fSize%
{6\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{-3\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}}3\endSeq{}\endNode{} contains \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2329}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}le briju\endSeq{}\endNode{} (the office)\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2330}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{22\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-10\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\fSize%
{8\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{0\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}\def\FieldWidth%
{10\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2331}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}x\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2332}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fSize%
{6\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{-3\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}}4\endSeq{}\endNode{} contains \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2333}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}le zarci\endSeq{}\endNode{} (the market)\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2334}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{22\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{-10\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{medium}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\LineField%
{\def\fSize%
{8\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{0\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}\def\FieldWidth%
{10\p@}\def\FieldWidthFactor%
{0}}\Character{8226}\endLineField{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2335}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{}x\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2336}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fSize%
{6\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{-3\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}}5\endSeq{}\endNode{} contains \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2337}\def\ProcessingMode%
{listitem-content-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}le karce\endSeq{}\endNode{} (the car)\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endPar{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2338}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}The \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2339}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2340}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} and its associated
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2341}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2342}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}sumti\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, used in a sentence, have
become a \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2343}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2344}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}bridi\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}. For logicians, the
comparable English concept is called a \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2345}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}predication\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx195}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}. In each \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2351}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2352}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}bridi\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, a
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2353}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2354}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} or \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2355}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2356}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}tanru\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}
specifies the relationship between the \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2357}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2358}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}sumti\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}.
Such a specification of the relationship, without the \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2359}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2360}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}sumti\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}
expressed, is called a \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2361}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2362}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}selbri\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} (\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2363}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}predicate\endSeq{}\endNode{}
in English). Whether or not any
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2364}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2365}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}sumti\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} are attached, a \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2366}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2367}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}selbri\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}
is found within every \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2368}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2369}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}bridi\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2370}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}We express a \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2371}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2372}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}bridi\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}
relationship in Lojban by filling in the \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2373}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2374}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}sumti\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} places, so that the position of the
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2375}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2376}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}sumti\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} in the place
structure is clear, and by expressing the \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2377}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2378}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}selbri\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} that ties the \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2379}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2380}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}sumti\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} together.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2381}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}It is not necessary to fill in all of the \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2382}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2383}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}sumti\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} to make the sentence meaningful. In
English we can say \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2384}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}I go\endSeq{}\endNode{}, without saying where we
are going. To say \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2385}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}mi klama\endSeq{}\endNode{}
(\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2386}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8220}I go...\Character{8221}\endSeq{}\endNode{}) specifies only one \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2387}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2388}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}sumti\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}; the other four are left
unspecified.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2389}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}In Lojban, we know those four places exist; they are part of the
definition of \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2390}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}klama\endSeq{}\endNode{}. In
English, there is no implication that anything is missing, and the sentence
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2391}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}I go\endSeq{}\endNode{} is considered complete. As a \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2392}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2393}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}bridi\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2394}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}mi
klama\endSeq{}\endNode{} is inherently an incomplete sentence. The omission of
defined places in a \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2395}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2396}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}bridi\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}
is called \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2397}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}ellipsis\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx143}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}; corresponding ellipsis in the
natural languages is a major source of semantic
ambiguity. Most Lojban expressions involve some amount
of ellipsis. The listener, however, knowing that the omissions have occurred,
has a means of asking directly about any specific one of them (or all of them),
and resolving the ambiguity. So this kind of semantic ambiguity is not eliminated in
Lojban, but it is made more recognizable and more amenable to
resolution.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2400}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}It is permissible to use a \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2401}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2402}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}selbri\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} alone, with no \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2403}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2404}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}sumti\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} filled in, as
a very elliptical sentence called an \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2405}}\Seq%
{\def\fWeight%
{bold}}observative\endSeq{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Label%
{idx145}}\Seq%
{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}.
The sentence \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2408}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}fagri\endSeq{}\endNode{} is very similar to the English exclamation
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2409}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}Fire!\endSeq{}\endNode{}, but without the emotional content: it merely states
that \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2410}}\Seq%
{}\Character{8220}something is a fire using some fuel\Character{8221}\endSeq{}\endNode{}, without explicitly
specifying the identity of either.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2411}}\DisplayGroup%
{\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\sbNom%
{10\p@}\def\sbMin%
{10\p@}\def\sbMax%
{10\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{10\p@}\def\saMin%
{10\p@}\def\saMax%
{10\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}\Seq%
{}\Seq%
{}\HeadPar%
{\def\fFamName{cmr}\def\fWeight%
{bold}\def\fPosture%
{upright}\def\fSize%
{10\p@}\def\LineSpacing%
{13\p@}\def\LineSpacingFactor%
{0}\def\StartIndent%
{12\p@}\def\StartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\HeadingLevel%
{4}\def\sbNom%
{7.5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{7.5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{7.5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}\def\KeepWithNext%
{1}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2412}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2413}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2414}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}bridi\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} within \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2415}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2416}\def\ProcessingMode%
{title-sosofo-mode}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}bridi\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endNode{}\def\HeadingText{%
bridi within bridi}%
\endHeadPar{}\endSeq{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2412}}\endNode{}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2417}}\Par%
{\def\FirstLineStartIndent%
{0\p@}\def\FirstLineStartIndentFactor%
{0}\def\Quadding%
{start}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}\def\Language%
{EN}\def\sbNom%
{5\p@}\def\sbMin%
{5\p@}\def\sbMax%
{5\p@}\def\sbConditional%
{1}\def\saNom%
{5\p@}\def\saMin%
{5\p@}\def\saMax%
{5\p@}\def\saConditional%
{1}}You may have noticed that in example (1), each of the \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2418}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2419}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}sumti\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}
filling the five places of \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2420}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}klama\endSeq{}\endNode{} contain a \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2421}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2422}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}.
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2423}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}Each of these \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2424}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2425}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}brivla\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} are \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2426}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2427}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}selbri\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}
as well\endSeq{}\endNode{}; i.e. they imply a relationship between certain (usually
unspecified) \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2428}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2429}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}sumti\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} places. A \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2430}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2431}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}selbri\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}
may be labelled with \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2432}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}le\endSeq{}\endNode{}
(among other things) and placed in a \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2433}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2434}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}sumti\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{}.
When \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2435}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}le\endSeq{}\endNode{} is used, the
concept which the speaker has in mind for the x\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2436}}\Seq%
{\def\fSize%
{6\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{-3\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}}1\endSeq{}\endNode{}
place of the \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2437}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2438}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}selbri\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} within the \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2439}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2440}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}sumti\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} is
understood to fill that \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2441}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2442}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}sumti\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} place. For example, the
\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2443}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2444}}\Seq%
{\def\fPosture%
{italic}}sumti\endSeq{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} place
for \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2445}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecdh}\def\Hyphenate%
{0}}le prenu\endSeq{}\endNode{} is filled with what
the speaker has in mind as being the x\Node%
{\def\Element%
{2446}}\Seq%
{\def\fSize%
{6\p@}\def\PositionPointShift%
{-3\p@}\def\PositionPointShiftFactor%
{0}}1\endSeq{}\endNode{} place of \Node%
{\def\Element%
{2447}}\Seq%
{\def\fFamName{ecd